V
1. Abbreviation for vision or visual acuity; volt; with subscript 1, 2, 3, etc., the abbreviation for unipolar electrocardiogram leads. 2. Symbol for vanadium; valine; volume, frequently with subscripts denoting location, chemical species, and/or conditions.



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V V
1. Symbol for gas flow, frequently with subscripts indicating location and chemical species. See flow (3); 2. Symbol for ventilation (3) , frequently with a subscript.ventilation (3) [volume + overdot denoting time derivative]



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VD VD
Symbol for physiologic dead space.



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VT VT
Symbol for tidal volume.



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VA VA
Symbol for alveolar ventilation.



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Vmax Vmax
Symbol for maximum velocity.



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VCO2 VCO2
Symbol for carbon dioxide elimination.



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VO2 VO2
Symbol for oxygen consumption.



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v v
1. Abbreviation for volt; initial rate velocity; velocity; vel [L, or]. 2. As a subscript, refers to venous blood.



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v v
As a subscript, refers to mixed venous (pulmonary arterial) blood.



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V-A V-A
Abbreviation for ventriculoatrial.



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VAC VAC
Abbreviation for ventriculoatrial conduction.



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vaccenic acid vaccenic acid (vak-sen´ik)
CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)9COOH; n-trans-11-octadecenoic acid;an unsaturated fatty acid of which both cis and trans isomers are found in butter and other animal fats.



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vaccina vaccina (vak-sin´a)
vaccinia



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vaccinal vaccinal (vak´si-nal)
Relating to vaccine or vaccination.



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vaccinate vaccinate (vak´si-nat)
To administer a vaccine.



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vaccination vaccination (vak´si-na´shun)
The act of administering a vaccine.



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vaccinator vaccinator (vak´si-na-tor)
1. A person who vaccinates.vaccinist; 2. A scarifier or other instrument used in vaccination.



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vaccine vaccine (vak´sen, vak-sen´)
Originally, the live v. (vaccinia, cowpox) virus inoculated in the skin as prophylaxis against smallpox and obtained from the skin of calves inoculated with seed virus. Usage has extended the meaning to include essentially any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis; e.g., preparations of killed microbes of virulent strains or living microbes of attenuated (variant or mutant) strains; or microbial, fungal, plant, protozoal, or metazoan derivatives or products. Method of administration varies according to the v., inoculation being the most common, but ingestion is preferred in some instances and nasal spray is used occasionally.vaccinum; [L. vaccinus, relating to a cow]
adjuvant v. a v. that contains an adjuvant; most often the antigen (immunogen) is included in a water-in-oil emulsion (Freund incomplete type adjuvant), or is adsorbed onto an inorganic gel (alum, aluminum hydroxide or phosphate).
aqueous v. a v. having a liquid vehicle (e.g., physiological salt solution) as distinguished from an emulsion.
attenuated v. (a-ten´u-at´id) live pathogens that have lost their virulence but are still capable of inducing a protective immune response to the virulent forms of the pathogen, e.g., Sabin polio v.
autogenous v. a v. made from a culture of the patient's own bacteria.
bacillus Calmette-Guérin v. BCG v
BCG v. a suspension of an attenuated strain (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bovine type, which is inoculated into the skin for tuberculosis prophylaxis.bacillus Calmette-Guérin v., Calmette-Guérin v., tuberculosis v;
brucella strain 19 v. a live bacterial v. prepared from an attenuated variant strain of Brucella abortus (strain 19); used for vaccinating cattle against brucellosis.
Calmette-Guérin v. BCG v
cholera v. an inactivated suspension of Inaba and Ogawa strains of Vibrio cholerae grown either on agar or in broth and preserved with phenol.
crystal violet v. See hog cholera v.'s.
diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis v. (DTP) a v. available in three forms: 1) diphtheria and tetanus toxoids plus pertussis v. (DTP); 2) tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, adult type (Td); and 3) tetanus toxoid (T); used for active immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough.
duck embryo origin v. (DEV) See rabies v.
Flury strain v. See rabies v., Flury strain egg-passage.
foot-and-mouth disease virus v.'s v.'s either of inactivated virus from infected cattle tongue epithelium or, more recently, of live virus attenuated by embryonated egg or mouse passage and propagated in tissue culture.
Haemophilus influenzae type B v. a conjugate of oligosaccharides of the capsular antigen of H. influen zae type B and diphtheria CRM protein.
Haffkine's v. 1. a killed culture of Vibrio cholerae in two strengths, a weaker one for the initial inoculation and a stronger one for the second inoculation 7 to 10 days after the first; 2. a killed plague bacillus (Yersinia pestis) v.
hepatitis B v. a formalin-inactivated v. prepared from the surface antigen (HBsAg) of the hepatitis B virus; the antigen can be obtained from the plasma of human carriers of the virus; purified HBsAg for immunization is also prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
heterogenous v. v. that is not autogenous, but is prepared from the same species of bacterium.
high-egg-passage v. , HEP v. See rabies v., Flury strain egg-passage.
hog cholera v.'s v.'s either of virus from blood of infected swine, inactivated with crystal violet, or live virus attenuated in rabbits or tissue culture and frequently used in conjunction with hog cholera virus antiserum.
human diploid cell v. (HDCV) an iodinated virus vaccine used for protection against rabies vaccine usually prepared in the human diploid cell WI-38.human diploid cell rabies v;
human diploid cell rabies v. (HDCV) human diploid cell v
inactivated poliovirus v. (IPV) See poliovirus v.'s (2);
influenza virus v.'s influenza virus grown in embryonated eggs and inactivated, usually by the addition of formalin; both whole virus and subunit preparations containing hemagglutinins and neuraminidase are used; because of the marked and progressive antigenic variation of the influenza viruses, the strains included are regularly changed following various outbreaks of influenza in order to include most recently isolated epidemic strains of both type A influenza and type B influenza.
live v. v. prepared from living, attenuated organisms.
live oral poliovirus v. See poliovirus v.'s (2);
low-egg-passage v. , LEP v. See rabies v., Flury strain egg-passage.
measles, mumps, and rubella v. (MMR) a combination of live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella viruses in an aqueous suspension; used for immunization against the respective diseases.
measles virus v. v. containing live, attenuated strains of measles virus prepared in chick embryo cell culture. See measles, mumps, and rubella v.
multivalent v. polyvalent v
mumps virus v. v. containing live, attenuated mumps virus prepared in chick embryo cell cultures. See measles, mumps, and rubella v.
oil v. See adjuvant v.
oral poliovirus v. (OPV) See poliovirus v.'s (2);
Pasteur v. See rabies v.
pertussis v. See diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis v.
plague v. v. (licensed for use in the U.S.) prepared from cultures of Yersinia pestis, inactivated with formaldehyde, and preserved with 0.5% phenol; injections are made intramuscularly, and booster inoculations are recommended every 6 to 12 months while individuals remain in an area of risk; live, attenuated bacterial and chemical fraction v.'s are also available.
pneumococcal v. v. comprised of purified capsular polysaccharide antigen from 23 types of Streptococcus pneumoniae (representing those types responsible for most of the reported pneumococcal diseases in the U.S.).
poliomyelitis v.'s poliovirus v.'s
poliovirus v.'s 1. inactivated poliovirus v. (IPV), an aqueous suspension of inactivated strains of poliomyelitis virus (types 1, 2, and 3) used by injection; has largely been replaced by the oral v.; See Salk v. 2. oral poliovirus v. (OPV), an aqueous suspension of live, attenuated strains of poliomyelitis virus (types 1, 2, and 3) given orally for active immunization against poliomyelitis. See Sabin v.poliomyelitis v.'s;
polyvalent v. a v. prepared from cultures of two or more strains of the same species or microorganism.multivalent v;
rabies v. a v. introduced by Pasteur as a method of treatment for the bite of a rabid animal: daily (14 to 21) injections of virus that increased serially from noninfective to fully infective "fixed" virus were given to render the central nervous system refractory to infection by virulent virus; this v., with but slight modification (e.g., Semple v.), was used for many years but had the serious defect that the large quantity of heterologous nervous tissue inoculated along with the virus occasionally gave rise to an allergic (immunological) demyelinization. It was replaced, in the case of humans, by rabies v. of duck embryo origin (DEV), prepared from embryonated duck eggs infected with "fixed" virus and inactivated with beta-propiolactone. At the present time DEV has been replaced by human diploid cell v. (HDCV) which is gronw in WI-38 cells; it has a low incidence of adverse reactions and requires fewer injections.
rabies v., Flury strain egg-passage 1. high-egg-passage (HEP) v.: living Flury strain rabies virus at the 180th to 190th level egg passage (embryonate eggs), used for vaccination of cattle and cats; 2. low-egg-passage (LEP) v.: at the 40th to 50th passage level, containing 103 to 104 mouse LD50; nonpathogenic in dogs but retains some pathogenicity for cattle and cats.
rickettsia v., attenuated See typhus v.
Rocky Mountain spotted fever v. suspension of inactivated Rickettsia rickettsii prepared by growing the rickettsiae in the embryonate yolk sac of fowl eggs.
rubella virus v., live a live virus v. prepared from duck embryo or human diploid cell culture infected with rubella virus; administered as a single subcutaneous injection. See measles, mumps, and rubella v.
Sabin v. an orally administered v. containing live, attenuated strains of poliovirus. See poliovirus v.'s.
Salk v. the original poliovirus v., composed of virus propagated in monkey kidney tissue culture and inactivated. See poliovirus v.'s.
Semple v. a modification of the original (Pasteur) rabies v., formerly widely used in the U.S., prepared from rabbit nerve tissue, inactivated with phenol and administered in 14 to 21 daily injections; has variable potency and is associated with a high incidence of postvaccinal demyelination.
smallpox v. v. of live vaccinia virus suspensions prepared from cutaneous vaccinial lesions of calves (calf lymph) or chick embryo origin.
split-virus v. See subunit v.
staphylococcus v. a suspension of organisms from cultures of one or more strains of Staphylococcus; used for furunculosis, acne, and other suppurative conditions.
stock v. a v. made from a stock microbial strain, in contradistinction to an autogenous v.
subunit v. a v. which, through chemical extraction, is free of viral nucleic acid and contains only specific protein subunits of a given virus; such v.'s are relatively free of the adverse reactions (e.g., influenza virus) associated with v.'s containing the whole virion.
T.A.B. v. typhoid-paratyphoid A and B v
tetanus v. See diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis v.
tuberculosis v. BCG v
typhoid v. a suspension of Salmonella typhi inactivated either by heat or by chemical (acetone) with an added preservative; in the U.S., the combined typhoid and paratyphoid A and B v.'s have been largely replaced by the monovalent typhoid v. because of the lack of evidence of effectiveness of paratyphoid A and paratyphoid B ingredients.
typhoid-paratyphoid A and B v. a suspension of killed typhoid and paratyphoid A and B bacilli. See also typhoid v.T.A.B. v;
typhus v. a formaldehyde-inactivated suspension of Rickettsia prowazekii grown in embryonated eggs; effective against louse-borne (epidemic) typhus; primary immunization consists of two subcutaneous injections 4 or more weeks apart; booster doses are required every 6 to 12 months, as long as the possibility of exposure exists. A v. containing living rickettsiae of an attenuated strain of R. prowazekii has also been used.
whooping-cough v. See diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis v.
yellow fever v. a living, attenuated strain (17D) of yellow fever virus propagated in embryonated fowl eggs. 2. a suspension of dried mouse brain infected with French neurotropic (Dakar) strain of yellow fever virus, administered topically by the scratch method; not officially recommended in the United States because of meningoencephalitic reactions.



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vaccinia vaccinia (vak-sin´e-a)
An infection, primarily local and limited to the site of inoculation, induced in man by inoculation with the vaccinia virus in order to confer resistance to smallpox. On about the third day after this vaccination, papules form at the site of inoculation which become transformed into umbilicated vesicles and later pustules; they then dry up, and the scab falls off on about the 21st day, leaving a pitted scar; in some cases there are more or less marked constitutional disturbances.primary reaction, vaccina, variola vaccine, variola vaccinia, variola vaccinia; [L. vaccinus, relating to a cow, fr. vacca, a cow]
v. gangreno´sa progressive v
generalized v. secondary lesions of the skin following vaccination which may occur in subjects with previously healthy skin but are more common in the case of traumatized skin, especially in the case of eczema (eczema vaccinatum). In the latter instance, generalized v. may result from mere contact with a vaccinated person. Secondary vaccinial lesions may also occur following transfer of virus from the vaccination to another site by means of the fingers.
progressive v. a severe or even fatal form of v. occurring chiefly in subjects with an immunologic deficiency or dyscrasia and characterized by progressive enlargement of the initial and also of secondary lesions.v. gangrenosa;
v. vaccin´ia vaccinia



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vaccinial vaccinial (vak-sin´e-al)
Relating to vaccinia.



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vacciniform vacciniform (vak-sin´i-form)
Resembling vaccinia.



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vaccinist vaccinist (vak´si-nist)
vaccinator (1)



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vaccinization vaccinization (vak´sin-i-za´shun)
Vaccination repeated at short intervals until it will no longer take.



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vaccinogen vaccinogen (vak-sin´-o-jen)
A source of vaccine, such as an inoculated heifer.



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vaccinogenous vaccinogenous (vak-si-noj´e-nus)
Producing vaccine, or relating to the production of vaccine.



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vaccinoid vaccinoid (vak´si-noyd)
Resembling vaccinia.



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vaccinostyle vaccinostyle (vak´si-no-stIl)
A pointed instrument used in vaccination.



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vaccinum vaccinum (vak´si-num)
vaccine [L.]



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in vacuo in vacuo (in vak´yu-o)
In a vacuum, e.g., under reduced pressure. [L.]



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vacuolar vacuolar (vak-yu-o´lar)
Relating to or resembling a vacuole.



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vacuolate vacuolate , vacuolated (vak´yu-o-lat, -lat´ed)
Having vacuoles.



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vacuolation vacuolation (vak´yu-o-la´shun)
1. Formation of vacuoles. 2. The condition of having vacuoles.vacuolization;



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vacuole vacuole (vak´yu-ol)
1. A minute space in any tissue. 2. A clear space in the substance of a cell, sometimes degenerative in character, sometimes surrounding an englobed foreign body and serving as a temporary cell stomach for the digestion of the body. [Mod. L. vacuolum, dim. of L. vacuum, an empty space]
autophagic v. cytolysosome
contractile v. a cavity formed by the accumulation of fluid in the ectoplasm of a protozoan; after increasing for a time it empties itself externally by a sudden contraction; it functions as an osmoregulatory mechanism for water balance, especially in freshwater protozoans.
digestive v. secondary lysosomes, under lysosome
parasitophorous v. a v. formed by layers of endoplasmic reticulum around an intracellular parasite which may serve to isolate the parasite and enclose it for lysozymal attack.



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vacuolization vacuolization (vak´yu-o-li-za´shun)
vacuolation



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vacuome vacuome (vak´yu-om)
A system of vacuoles that can be stained with neutral red in the living cell. [vacuole + G. -oma, tumor]



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vacutome vacutome (vak´yu-tom)
Electrodermatome that applies suction to the skin to raise it before an advancing blade, usually for taking a split-thickness skin graft. [vacuum + G. tome, a cutting]



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vacuum vacuum (vak´um)
An empty space, one practically exhausted of air or gas. [L. ntr. of vacuus, empty]



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vadum vadum (va´dum)
An occasional elevation from the bottom of a cerebral sulcus nearly obliterating it for a short distance. [L. a ford]



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vagal vagal (va´gal)
Relating to the vagus nerve.



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vagectomy vagectomy (va-jek´to-me)
Surgical removal of a segment of a vagus nerve.



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vagi vagi (va´gI, -jI)
Plural of vagus.



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vagin- vagin-
See vagino-.



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vagina vagina, gen and pl. vaginae (va-jI´na, -ne)
1. sheath (1) 2. [NA] The genital canal in the female, extending from the uterus to the vulva. [L. sheath, the vagina]
bipartite v. septate v
v. bul´bi [NA] fascial sheath of eyeball
v. carot´ica [NA] carotid sheath
v. cellulo´sa the connective tissue sheath of a nerve or muscle (perineurium or perimysium, respectively).
v. commu´nis musculo´rum flexo´rum [NA] common flexor sheath
v. exter´na ner´vi op´tici [NA] external sheath of optic nerve
vagi´nae fibro´sae digito´rum ma´nus [NA] fibrous digital sheaths of hand, under sheath See annular part of fibrous digital sheath, cruciform part of fibrous digital sheath.
vagi´nae fibro´sae digito´rum pe´dis [NA] fibrous digital sheaths of foot, under sheath See annular part of fibrous digital sheath, cruciform part of fibrous digital sheath.
v. fibro´sa ten´dinis [NA] fibrous tendon sheath
v. inter´na ner´vi op´tici [NA] internal sheath of optic nerve
v. intertubercula´ris intertubercular sheath
v. masculi´na prostatic utricle
v. muco´sa ten´dinis synovial tendon sheath
v. mus´culi rec´ti abdo´minis [NA] rectus sheath
vagi´nae ner´vi op´tici sheaths of the optic nerve, formed by extensions of the central meninges. See internal sheath of optic nerve, external sheath of optic nerve.
v. oc´uli fascial sheath of eyeball
v. proces´sus styloi´dei [NA] sheath of styloid process
septate v. a bipartite v. caused by the presence of a more or less complete longitudinal septum.bipartite v;
vagi´nae synovia´les digito´rum ma´nus [NA] synovial sheaths of digits of hand, under sheath
vagi´nae synovia´les digito´rum pe´dis [NA] synovial sheaths of digits of foot, under sheath
v. synovia´lis ten´dinis [NA] synovial tendon sheath
v. synovia´lis troch´leae tendon sheath of superior oblique muscle
v. ten´dinis mus´culi extenso´ris car´pi ulna´ris [NA] tendon sheath of extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
v. ten´dinis mus´culi extenso´ris dig´iti min´imi [NA] tendon sheath of extensor digiti minimi muscle
v. ten´dinis mus´culi extenso´ris hallu´cis lon´gi [NA] tendon sheath of extensor hallucis longus muscle
v. ten´dinis mus´culi extenso´ris pol´licis lon´gi [NA] tendon sheath of extensor pollicis longus muscle
v. ten´dinis mus´culi flexo´ris car´pi radia´lis [NA] tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis muscle
v. ten´dinis mus´culi flexo´ris hal´lucis lon´gi [NA] tendon sheath of flexor hallucis longus muscle
v. ten´dinis mus´culi flexo´ris pol´licis lon´gi [NA] tendon sheath of flexor pollicis longus muscle
v. ten´dinis mus´culi obli´qui superio´ris [NA] tendon sheath of superior oblique muscle
v. ten´dinis mus´culi perone´i lon´gi planta´ris [NA] plantar tendon sheath of peroneus longus muscle
v. ten´dinis mus´culi tibia´lis anterio´ris [NA] tendon sheath of tibialis anterior muscle
v. ten´dinis mus´culi tibia´lis posterio´ris [NA] tendon sheath of tibialis posterior muscle
v. ten´dinum mus´culi extenso´ris digito´rum pe´dis lon´gi [NA] tendon sheath of extensor digitorum longus muscle of foot
v. ten´dinum mus´culi flexo´ris digito´rum pe´dis lon´gi [NA] tendon sheath of flexor digitorum longus muscle of foot
v. ten´dinum musculo´rum abducto´ris lon´gi et extenso´ris bre´vis pol´licis [NA] tendon sheath of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles
v. ten´dinum musculo´rum extenso´ris digitor´um et extenso´ris in´dicis [NA] tendon sheath of extensor digitorum and extensor indicis muscles
v. ten´dinum musculo´rum extenso´rum car´pi radia´lium [NA] tendon sheath of extensor carpi radialis muscles
v. ten´dinum musculo´rum fibula´rium commu´nis * official alternate term for common peroneal tendon sheath
v. ten´dinum musculo´rum peroneo´rum commu´nis [NA] common peroneal tendon sheath
vagi´nae vaso´rum vascular sheaths, under sheath



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vaginal vaginal (vaj´i-nal)
Relating to the vagina or to any sheath. [Mod. L. vaginalis]



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vaginapexy vaginapexy (va-jI´na-pek-se)
vaginofixation



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vaginate vaginate (vaj´i-nat)
1. To ensheathe; to enclose in a sheath. 2. Ensheathed; provided with a sheath.



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vaginectomy vaginectomy (vaj-i-nek´to-me)
Excision of the vagina or a segment thereof.colpectomy; [vagina + G. ektome, excision]



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vaginism vaginism (vaj´i-nizm)
vaginismus



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vaginismus vaginismus (vaj-i-niz´mus)
Painful spasm of the vagina preventing intercourse.vaginism, vulvismus; [vagina + L. -ismus, action, condition]
posterior v. spasmodic stenosis of the vagina caused by contraction of the levator ani muscle.



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vaginitis vaginitis, pl. vaginitides (vaj-i-nI´tis, -nI´ti-dez)
Inflammation of the vagina. [vagina + G. -itis, inflammation]
adhesive v. inflammation of vaginal mucosa with adhesions of the vaginal walls to each other.v. adhesiva;
v. adhesi´va adhesive v
amebic v. v. caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
atrophic v. thinning and atrophy of the vaginal epithelium usually resulting from diminished estrogen stimulation; a common occurrence in postmenopausal women.
v. cys´tica v. emphysematosa
desquamative inflammatory v. an acute inflammation of the vagina of unknown cause, characterized by grayish pseudomembrane, free discharge, and easy bleeding on trauma; the discharge contains pus and immature epithelial cells, although estrogen levels are normal.
v. emphysemato´sa v. characterized by accumulation of gas in small connective tissue spaces lined by foreign-body giant cells.pachyvaginitis cystica, v. cystica;
Gardnerella v. bacterial vaginosis
granular v. a condition of cattle manifested by the appearance of small, spherical, transparent nodules in the mucosa of the vagina of cows and of the penis of bulls; the mucosa is reddened and a mucopurulent exudate appears on the affected surfaces; it is a non specific hyperplastic response of the lymphatic tissue of these areas to an irritant or an antigen.
nonspecific v. bacterial vaginosis
pinworm v. v. caused by Enterobius vermicularis.
senile v. atrophic v. resulting from withdrawal of estrogen stimulation of mucosa, often assuming the form of adhesive v.v. senilis;
v. seni´lis senile v



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vagino- vagino- , vagin-
The vagina. See also colpo-. [L. vagina, sheath]



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vaginoabdominal vaginoabdominal (vaj´i-no-ab-dom´i-nal)
Relating to the vagina and the abdomen.



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vaginocele vaginocele (vaj´i-no-sel)
colpocele (1)



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vaginodynia vaginodynia (vaj´i-no-din´e-a)
Vaginal pain.colpodynia;



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vaginofixation vaginofixation (vaj´i-no-fik-sa´shun)
Suture of a relaxed and prolapsed vagina to the abdominal wall.colpopexy, vaginapexy, vaginopexy;



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vaginohysterectomy vaginohysterectomy (vaj´i-no-his-ter-ek´to-me)
vaginal hysterectomy



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vaginolabial vaginolabial (vaj´i-no-la´be-al)
Relating to the vagina and the pudendal labia.



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vaginomycosis vaginomycosis (vaj´i-no-mI-ko´sis)
Vaginal infection due to a fungus.colpomycosis;



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vaginopathy vaginopathy (vaj-i-nop´a-the)
Any diseased condition of the vagina.colpopathy; [vagino- + G. pathos, suffering]



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vaginoperineal vaginoperineal (vaj´i-no-per-i-ne´al)
Relating to or involving the vagina and perineum.



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vaginoperineoplasty vaginoperineoplasty (vaj´i-no-per-i-ne´o-plas-te)
Plastic surgery of the perineum involving the vagina.colpoperineoplasty; [vagino- + perineum, + G. plastos, formed]



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vaginoperineorrhaphy vaginoperineorrhaphy (vaj´i-no-per-i-ne-or´a-fe)
Repair of a lacerated vagina and perineum.colpoperineorrhaphy; [vagino- + perineum, + G. rhaphe, suture]



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vaginoperineotomy vaginoperineotomy (vaj´i-no-per-i-ne-ot´o-me)
Division of the posterior aspect of the vagina and adjacent portion of the perineum to facilitate childbirth. [vagino- + perineum, + G. tome, incision]



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vaginoperitoneal vaginoperitoneal (vaj´i-no-per-i-to-ne´al)
Relating to the vagina and the peritoneum.



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vaginopexy vaginopexy (vaj´i-no-pek-se)
vaginofixation



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vaginoplasty vaginoplasty (vaj´i-no-plas-te)
Plastic surgery of the vagina.colpoplasty; [vagino- + G. plastos, formed]



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vaginoscopy vaginoscopy (vaj-i-nos´ko-pe)
Inspection of the vagina, usually with an instrument.



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vaginosis vaginosis
Disease of the vagina.
bacterial v. infection of the vagina of humans that may be caused by Gardnerella vaginalis. Characterized by excessive, sometimes malodorous, discharge.Gardnerella vaginitis, nonspecific vaginitis;



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vaginotomy vaginotomy (vaj-i-not´o-me)
A cutting operation in the vagina.coleotomy (2), colpotomy;



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vaginovesical vaginovesical (vaj´i-no-ves´i-kal)
Relating to the vagina and the urinary bladder.



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vaginovulvar vaginovulvar (vaj´i-no-vul´var)
Relating to the vagina and the vulva.



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Vaginulus plebeius Vaginulus plebeius (vaj-i-nu´lus ple´be-e-us)
The slug vector of Angiostrongylus costaricensis.



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vagitus uterinus vagitus uterinus (va-jI´tus yu-ter-I´nus)
Crying of the fetus while still within the uterus, possible when the membranes have been ruptured and air has entered the uterine cavity. [L. fr. vagio, to squall; L. fr. uterus, womb]



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vago- vago-
The vagus nerve. [L. vagus]



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vagoaccessorius vagoaccessorius (va-go-ak-ses-so´re-us)
The vagus and the cranial root (accessory portion) of the accessory nerve, regarded as one nerve. See accessory nerve.



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vagoglossopharyngeal vagoglossopharyngeal (va´go-glos´o-fa-rin´je-al)
Relating to the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves; denoting their contiguous or common nuclei of origin and termination and regions innervated by both nerves such as the musculature of the pharynx.



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vagolysis vagolysis (va-gol´i-sis)
Surgical destruction of the vagus nerve. [vago- + G. lysis, a loosening]



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vagolytic vagolytic (va-go-lit´ik)
1. Pertaining to or causing vagolysis. 2. A therapeutic or chemical agent that has inhibitory effects on the vagus nerve. 3. Denoting an agent having such effects.



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vagomimetic vagomimetic (va´go-mi-met´ik)
Mimicking the action of the efferent fibers of the vagus nerve.



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vagotomy vagotomy (va-got´o-me)
Division of the vagus nerve. [vago- + G. tome, incision]



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vagotonia vagotonia (va-go-to´ne-a)
Archaic designation for a condition in which the parasympathetic autonomic system is reputedly overactive.parasympathotonia, sympathetic imbalance; [vago- + G. tonos, strain]



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vagotonic vagotonic (va-go-ton´ik)
Relating to or marked by vagotonia.



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vagotropic vagotropic (va-go-trop´ik)
Attracted by, hence acting upon, the vagus nerve. [vago- + G. tropos, turning]



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vagovagal vagovagal (va´go-va´gal)
Pertaining to a process that utilizes both afferent and efferent vagal fibers.



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vagus vagus, gen and pl. vagi (va´gus; va´gI, -jI)
vagus nerve [L. wandering, so-called because of the wide distribution of the nerve]



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Val Val
Symbol for valine and its radicals.



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valence valence , valency (va´lens, -len-se)
The combining power of one atom of an element (or a radical), that of the hydrogen atom being the unit of comparison, determined by the number of electrons in the outer shell of the atom (v. electrons); e.g., in HCl, chlorine is monovalent; in H2O, oxygen is bivalent; in NH3, nitrogen is trivalent. [L. valentia, strength]
negative v. the number of v. electrons an atom can take up.
positive v. the number of v. electrons an atom can give up.



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valent valent (va´lent)
Possessing valence.



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Valentin Valentin
Gabriel G., German-Swiss physiologist, 1810-1883. See V.'s corpuscles, under corpuscle, ganglion, nerve.



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Valentine Valentine
Ferdinand C., U.S. surgeon, 1851-1909. See V.'s position, test.



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valepotriates valepotriates (val´e-po´tre-ats)
A class of iridoid alkaloids from Valeriana sp. and Kentranthus sp.; e.g., the drug valtratum is a member of this class.



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valerate valerate (val´e-rat)
A salt of valeric acid; some are used in modern medicine.valerianate;



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valerian valerian (va-ler´e-an)
1. The rhizome and roots of Valeriana officinalis (family Valerianaceae), a herb native in southern Europe and northern Asia, cultivated also in Great Britain and the U.S.; has been used as a sedative in hysteria and at the menopause. 2. Referring to a class of terpene alkaloids obtained from v. (1).vandal root;



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valerianate valerianate (va-le´re-a-nat)
valerate



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valeric acid valeric acid (va-ler´ik, va-ler´ik)
CH3(CH2)3COOH;normal aliphatic acid; distilled from valerian; some of its salts are used in medicine; found in human colon.pentanoic acid;



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valethamate bromide valethamate bromide (va-leth´a-mat)
2-Diethylaminoethyl 3-methyl-2-phenylvalerate methylbromide;an anticholinergic agent.



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valetudinarian valetudinarian (val´e-tu-di-nar´e-an)
1. An invalid or person in chronically poor health. 2. One whose chief concern is his/her invalidism or poor health. [L. valetudinarius, sickly]



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valetudinarianism valetudinarianism (val´e-tu-di-nar´e-an-izm)
A weak or infirm state due to invalidism.



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valgoid valgoid (val´goyd)
Relating to valgus; knock-kneed; suffering from talipes valgus. [L. valgus, bowlegged, + G. eidos, resemblance]



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valgus valgus (val´gus)
Bent or twisted outward away from the midline or body; modern accepted usage, particularly in orthopedics, erroneously transposes the meaning of varus to v., as in genu valgum (knock-knee). [Mod. L. turned outward, fr. L. bowlegged]



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valid valid
Effective; producing the desired result; verifiably correct. [L. valeo, to be strong]



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validation validation (val-i-da´shun)
The act or process of making valid.
consensual v. the confirmation of the experience or judgment of one person by another.



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validity validity (va-lid´i-te)
An index of how well a test or procedure in fact measures what it purports to measure; an objective index by which to describe how valid a test or procedure is.
concurrent v. an index of criterion-related v. used to predict performance in a real-life situation given at about the same time as the test or procedure; the extent to which the index from one test correlates with that of a nonidentical test or index; e.g., how well a score on an aptitude test correlates with the score on an intelligence test.
construct v. the extent to which a test or procedure appears to measure a higher order, inferred theoretical construct, or trait in contrast to measuring a more limited, specific dimension; e.g., a sychrony in the scores on the Stanford-Binet Test, on a test of information processing, and the rate of glucose metabolism in the brain all are indices of intelligence.
content v. the extent to which the items of a test or procedure are in fact a representative sample of that which is to be measured; e.g., items relating to ability in arithmetic and defining words are appropriate content for an intelligence test.
criterion-related v. the degree of effectiveness with which performance on a test or procedure predicts performance in a real-life situation; e.g., a good correlation between a score on an intelligence test such as the Scholastic Aptitude Test and one's 4-year college grade point average.
face v. the extent to which the items of a test or procedure appear superficially to sample that which is to be measured.
predictive v. criterion-related v. used to predict performance in a real-life task at a future time. See construct v., criterion-related v.



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valine (Val, V) valine (Val, V) (val´in)
(CH3)2CHCH(NH3)+COO-; 2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid;the l-isomer is a constituent of most proteins; a nutritionally essential amino acid.



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valinomycin valinomycin (val´I-no-mI-sin)
Cyclododecadepsipeptides ionophore antibiotic derived from Streptomyces fulvissius; a 36-membered ring structure consisting of 3 moles each of l-valine, d-a-hydroxyisovaleric acid, d-valine and l-lactic acid linked alternately. The material is used as an insecticide and nematocide.



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valla valla (val´a)
Plural of vallum.



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vallate vallate (val´at)
Bordered with an elevation, as a cupped structure; denoting especially certain lingual papillae. See also circumvallate. [L. vallo, pp. -atus, to surround with, fr. vallum, a rampart]



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vallecula vallecula, pl. valleculae (va-lek´yu-la, -le) [NA]
A crevice or depression on any surface.valley; [L. dim. of vallis, valley]
v. cerebel´li [NA] a deep hollow on the inferior surface of the cerebellum, between the hemispheres, containing the medulla oblongata and the falx cerebelli.vallis;
epiglottic v. a depression immediately posterior to the root of the tongue between the median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds on either side.v. epiglottica [NA];
v. epiglot´tica [NA] epiglottic v
v. syl´vii lateral cerebral fossa
v. un´guis sulcus matricis unguis



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Valleix Valleix
François L. I., French physician, 1807-1855. See V.'s points, under point.



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valley valley (val´e)
vallecula



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vallis vallis (val´is)
vallecula cerebelli [L. valley]



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vallum vallum, pl. valla (val´um, -a)
1. [NA] Any raised, more or less circular ridge. 2. The slightly raised outer wall of the circular depression, or fossa, surrounding a vallate papilla of the tongue. [L. a rampart, fr. vallus, a stake]
v. un´guis [NA] nail fold



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valmethamide valmethamide (val-meth´a-mId)
valnoctamide



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valnoctamide valnoctamide (val-nok´ta-mId)
2-ethyl-3-methylvaleramide;an antianxiety agent.valmethamide;



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valoid valoid (val´oyd)
equivalent extract [L. valeo, to be strong]



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valproic acid valproic acid (val-pro´ik)
C8H16O2; 2-Propylvaleric acid;an anticonvulsant used to treat seizure disorders; also used as the sodium salt, valproate sodium.



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Valsalva Valsalva
Antonio M., Italian anatomist, 1666-1723. See aneurysm of sinus of V.; V.'s antrum, ligaments, under ligament; V. maneuver; V.'s muscle, sinus; teniae of V., under tenia; V. test.



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value value (val´yu)
A particular quantitative determination. For v.'s not given below, see the specific name. See also index, number. [M.E., fr. O.Fr., fr. L. valeo, to be of value]
acetyl v. the milligrams of KOH required to neutralize the acetic acid produced by the hydrolysis of 1 g of acetylated fat; a measure of the hydroxy acids present in glycerides; notably high in castor oil.
buffer v. the power of a substance in solution to absorb acid or alkali without change in pH; this is highest at a pH value equal to the pKa value of the acid of the buffer pair. See also buffer capacity.buffer index;
buffer v. of the blood the ability of the blood to compensate for additions of acid or alkali without disturbance of the pH.
C v. the total amount of DNA in a haploid genome.
caloric v. the heat evolved by a food when burnt or metabolized.
Hehner v. Hehner number
homing v. in a cybernetic system such as homeostasis, that v. of a trait of interest that the restorative forces are directed towards maintaining.
iodine v. iodine number
maturation v. an indicator of the level of maturation attained by vaginal epithelium and used as a factor in cytohormonal evaluation from the maturation index by valuing the parabasal cells at 0.0, the intermediate cells at 0.5, and the superficial cells at 1.0; for special investigations, subtypes of a major cell can be given different v.'s.
normal v.'s a set of laboratory test v.'s used to characterize apparently healthy individuals; now replaced by reference v.'s.
pH v. See Ph.
phenotypic v. in quantitative genetics, the metrical quantity of some trait associated with a particular phenotype.
predictive v. an expresion of the likelihood that a given test result correlates with the presence or absence of disease. A positive predictive v. is the ratio of patients with the disease who test positive to the entire population of individuals with a positive test result; a negative predictive v. is the ratio of patients without the disease who test negative to the entire population of individuals with a negative test.
Rf v. See Rf.
reference v.'s a set of laboratory test v.'s obtained from an individual or group in a defined state of health; this term replaces normal v.'s, since it is based on a defined state of health rather than on apparent health.
thiocyanogen v. thiocyanogen number
threshold limit v. (TLV) the maximum concentration of a chemical recommended by the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists for repeated exposure without adverse health effects on workers.



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valva valva, pl. valvae (val´va, -ve) [NA]
valve [L. one leaf of a double door]
v. aor´tae [NA] aortic valve
v. atrioventricula´ris dex´tra [NA] tricuspid valve
v. atrioventricula´ris sinis´tra [NA] mitral valve
v. ileoceca´lis [NA] ileocecal valve
v. mitra´lis mitral valve
v. tricuspida´lis tricuspid valve
v. trun´ci pulmona´lis [NA] pulmonary valve



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valval valval , valvar (val´val, val´var)
Relating to a valve.



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valvate valvate (val´vat)
Relating to or provided with a valve.valvular;



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valve valve (valv)
1. A fold of the lining membrane of a canal or other hollow organ serving to retard or prevent a reflux of fluid. 2. Any reduplication of tissue or flaplike structure resembling a v. See also valvule, plica.valva [NA]; [L. valva]
Amussat's v. spiral fold of cystic duct
anal v.'s delicate crescent-shaped mucosal folds that pass between the lower ends of neighboring anal columns; the small pocket thus formed is an anal sinus.valvulae anales [NA], Morgagni's v.'s;
anterior urethral v. a crescentic horizontal fold in the proximal spongy urethra.
aortic v. the v. between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta, consisting of three fibrous semilunar cusps (valvules), located in the adult in anterior, right posterior, and left posterior positions; they are named, however, in accordance with their embryonic derivation in which the anteriorly-located cusp is the right cusp (above which the right coronary artery arises), the left posteriorly-positioned cusp is designated as the left cusp (above which the left coronary artery arises), and the right posteriorly-positioned cusp is designated as the posterior or non-coronary cusp.valva aortae [NA];
atrioventricular v.'s See tricuspid v., mitral v.
A-V v.'s abbreviation for the cardiac atrioventricular valves; the mitral and tricuspid valves.
ball v. any of a variety of prosthetic cardiac v.'s comprised of a ball within a retaining cage affixed to the orifice; when appropriately sized, used in aortic, mitral, or tricuspid position.
Bauhin's v. ileocecal v
Béraud's v. a small fold in the interior of the lacrimal sac at its junction with the lacrimal duct.Krause's v;
Bianchi's v. lacrimal fold
bicuspid v. mitral v
bi-leaflet v. a low profile mechanical heart v. that is less obstructive to outflow, especially in small size.
Bjork-Shiley v. a low profile tilting disc mechanical heart v.
Bochdalek's v. a fold of mucous membrane in the lacrimal canaliculus at the lacrimal punctum.Foltz' valvule;
Braune's v. a fold of mucous membrane at the junction of the esophagus with the stomach.
Carpentier-Edwards v. a bioprosthetic v. made from preserved porcine aortic v.'s.
caval v. v. of inferior vena cava
congenital v. an abnormal lining fold obstructing a passage; e.g., of a mucous membrane in the urethra.
coronary v. v. of coronary sinus
v. of coronary sinus a delicate fold of endocardium at the opening of the coronary sinus into the right atrium.valvula sinus coronarii [NA], coronary v., thebesian v;
eustachian v. v. of inferior vena cava
v. of foramen ovale a fold projecting into the left atrium from the margin of the foramen ovale in the fetus; when, with beginning inspiration, the blood pressure within the left atrium increases, the valve closes and its edges become adherent to the margin of the foramen ovale, occluding it.valvula foraminis ovalis [NA], falx septi [NA], v. of oval foramen;
Gerlach's v. v. of vermiform appendix
Guérin's v. v. of navicular fossa
Hasner's v. lacrimal fold
Heister's v. spiral fold of cystic duct
Heyer-Pudenz v. a v. used in the shunting procedure for hydrocephaly; consisting of a catheter-v. system in which the ventricular catheter leads the cerebrospinal fluid into a one-way pump through which the cerebrospinal fluid passes down the distal catheter into the right atrium of the heart.
Hoboken's v.'s the flangelike protrusions into the lumen of the umbilical arteries where they are twisted or kinked in their course through the umbilical cord.
Houston's v.'s transverse rectal folds, under fold
Huschke's v. lacrimal fold
ileocecal v. the bilabial prominence of the terminal ileum into the large intestine at the cecocolic junction as seen in cadavers; in the living individual it appears as a truncated cone with a star-shaped orifice.valva ileocecalis [NA], Bauhin's v., ileocecal eminence, ileocolic v., Tulp's v., Tulpius' v., v. of Varolius;
ileocolic v. ileocecal v
v. of inferior vena cava an endocardial fold extending from the anterior inferior margin of the inferior vena cava to the anterior part of the limbus fossa ovalis.valvula venae cavae inferioris [NA], caval v., eustachian v., sylvian v;
Kerckring's v.'s plicae circulares, under plica
Kohlrausch's v.'s transverse rectal folds, under fold
Krause's v. Béraud's v
left atrioventricular v. mitral v
Mercier's v. an occasional fold of mucosa of the bladder partially occluding the ureteral orifice.
mitral v. the v. closing the orifice between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart; its two cusps are called anterior and posterior.valva atrioventricularis sinistra [NA], bicuspid v., left atrioventricular v., valva mitralis, valvula bicuspidalis;
Morgagni's v.'s anal v.'s
nasal v. the variable aperture between the nasal septum and the moveable inferior margin of the lower lateral nasal cartilage.
v. of navicular fossa a fold of mucous membrane sometimes found in the root of the navicular fossa of the urethra.valvula fossae navicularis [NA], Guérin's fold, Guérin's v;
nonrebreathing v. a type of v. that prevents mixture of inhaled and exhaled gases.
O'Beirne's v. rectosigmoid sphincter
v. of oval foramen v. of foramen ovale
parachute mitral v. congenital deformity of the mitral v. characterized by the presence of a single papillary muscle from which the chordae of both v. leaflets divide; thus the resemblance to a parachute; the condition often produces a stenosis as the combined result of the tugging action of the chordae on and the subsequent narrowing between the leaflets.parachute deformity;
porcine v. tissue v
posterior urethral v.'s anomalous folds occurring at the level of the seminal colliculus.Amussat's valvula;
prosthetic v.'s v.'s used to replace human v.'s. They are divided into mechanical and tissue v.'s. The tissue is divided into homografts and heterografts. There are many different types of prosthetic v.'s, including the Saint Jude v., Hancock v., Starr-Edwards v., and Carpentier-Edwards v.
pulmonary v. the v. at the entrance to the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle; it consists of semilunar cusps (valvules) which are usually arranged in the adult in right anterior, left anterior, and posterior positions; however, they are named in accordance with their embryonic derivation; thus the posteriorly-located cusp is designated as the left cusp, the right anteriorly-located cusp is designated the right cusp and the left anteriorly-positioned cusp is called the anterior cusp.valva trunci pulmonalis [NA], pulmonic v., v. of pulmonary trunk;
v. of pulmonary trunk pulmonary v
pulmonic v. pulmonary v
pyloric v. pyloric constriction
rectal v.'s transverse rectal folds, under fold
reducing v. a v. designed to lower the pressure of a gas coming from a cylinder containing compressed gas under high pressure.
right atrioventricular v. tricuspid v
Rosenmüller's v. lacrimal fold
semilunar v. 1. a heart v. comprised of a set of three semilunar cusps (valvules); hence both the aortic and pulmonary valves are semilunar v.'s.valvula semilunaris [NA];
spiral v. of cystic duct spiral fold of cystic duct
Starr-Edwards v. a cage and ball artificial cardiac valve with high reliability and durability.
sylvian v. v. of inferior vena cava
Tarin's v. inferior medullary velum
Terrien's v. a valvelike fold between the gallbladder and the cystic duct; the first ridge of the spiral fold of the cystic duct.
thebesian v. v. of coronary sinus
tilting disc v. a variety of prosthetic cardiac v. composed of one or two discs within a retaining device.
tissue v. a prosthetic cardiac v. derived from the pig heart, which is preserved and sterilized with glutaraldehyde, and permanently sutured to a shape-retaining artificial strut; in appropriate sizes, it can replace any natural heart v.porcine v;
tricuspid v. the v. closing the orifice between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart; its three cusps are called anterior, posterior, and septal.valva atrioventricularis dextra [NA], right atrioventricular v., valva tricuspidalis, valvula tricuspidalis;
Tulp's v. , Tulpius' v. ileocecal v
urethral v.'s folds in the urethral mucous membrane. See also anterior urethral v., posterior urethral v.'s.
v. of Varolius ileocecal v
venous v. a fold of the lining layer of a vein to prevent a reflux of blood.valvula venosa (2);
v. of vermiform appendix a fold of mucous membrane, simulating a v., sometimes found at the origin of the vermiform appendix.Gerlach's v., valvula processus vermiformis;
vesicoureteral v. a lock mechanism in the wall of the intravesical portion of the ureter that normally prevents urinary reflux.
v. of Vieussens a prominent v. in the great cardiac vein where it turns around the obtuse margin to become the coronary sinus.
Vieussens' v. superior medullary velum



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valveless valveless (valv´les)
Without valves; denoting certain veins, such as the portal, that are not provided with valves as are most of the veins.



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valviform valviform (val´vi-form)
Valve-shaped.



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valvoplasty valvoplasty (val´vo-plas-te)
Surgical reconstruction of a deformed cardiac valve, for the relief of stenosis or incompetence.valvuloplasty; [valve + G. plastos, formed]



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valvotomy valvotomy (val-vot´o-me)
1. Cutting through a stenosed cardiac valve to relieve the obstruction.valvulotomy; 2. Incision of a valvular structure. [valve + G. tome, incision]
mitral v. deliberate incision or enlargement by inserting a finger in the mitral valve due to mitral stenosis.
rectal v. cutting through rectal folds that are too rigid or large.



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valvula valvula, pl. valvulae (val´vyu-la, -le) [NA]
valvule [Mod. L. dim. of valva]
Amussat's v. posterior urethral valves, under valve
val´vulae ana´les [NA] anal valves, under valve
v. bicuspida´lis mitral valve
val´vulae conniven´tes plicae circulares, under plica
v. fora´minis ova´lis [NA] valve of foramen ovale
v. fos´sae navicula´ris [NA] valve of navicular fossa
Gerlach's v. trabecular reticulum
v. lymphat´ica [NA] lymphatic valvule
v. proces´sus vermifor´mis valve of vermiform appendix
v. pylor´i pyloric constriction
valvulae pylo´ri pyloric constriction
v. semiluna´ris [NA] semilunar valve
v. semiluna´ris ante´rior val´vae trun´ci pulmona´lis anterior semilunar cusp of the pulmonary valve.
v. semiluna´ris dex´tra val´vae aor´tae right semilunar cusp of the aortic valve.
v. semiluna´ris dex´tra val´vae trun´ci pulmona´lis right semilunar cusp of the pulmonary valve.
v. semiluna´ris poste´rior val´vae aor´tae posterior semilunar cusp of the aortic valve.
v. semiluna´ris sinis´tra val´vae aor´tae left semilunar cusp of the aortic valve.
v. semiluna´ris sinis´tra val´vae trun´ci pulmona´lis left semilunar cusp of the pulmonary valve.
v. semiluna´ris tari´ni inferior medullary velum
v. si´nus corona´rii [NA] valve of coronary sinus
v. spiral´is spiral fold of cystic duct
v. tricuspida´lis tricuspid valve
v. ve´nae ca´vae inferio´ris [NA] valve of inferior vena cava
v. veno´sa 1. in the embryo, one of the pair of valves at the opening from the sinus venosus into the right atrium; 2. [NA] venous valve
v. vestib´uli obsolete term for v. venosa (1) .



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valvular valvular (val´vyu-lar)
valvate



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valvule valvule (val´vul)
A valve, especially one of small size.valvula [NA]; [L. valvula]
Foltz' v. Bochdalek's valve
lymphatic v. one of the delicate semilunar valves found in lymphatic vessels; they are usually paired and similar in structure to venous valves and occur at close intervals along the vessel wall.valvula lymphatica [NA];



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valvulitis valvulitis (val-vyu-lI´tis)
Inflammation of a valve, especially a heart valve. [Mod. L. valvula, valve, + G. -itis, inflammation]
rheumatic v. v. characterized in the acute stage by small fibrin vegetations along the lines of closure and by Aschoff bodies in the cusps; in the chronic stage, it is characterized by scarring, commissural adhesion, and stenosis and/or regurgitation.



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valvuloplasty valvuloplasty (val´vyu-lo-plas´te)
valvoplasty



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valvulotome valvulotome (val´vyu-lo-tom)
An instrument for sectioning a valve.



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valvulotomy valvulotomy (val-vyu-lot´o-me)
valvotomy (1)



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valyl valyl (val´il)
The radical of valine.



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Van Van , van
For some names with this prefix not found below, see the principal part of the name.



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vanadate vanadate (van´a-dat)
A salt of vanadic acid.



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vanadic acid vanadic acid (va-nad´ik)
An acid, H3VO4, derived from vanadium, forming salts with various bases.



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vanadium (V) vanadium (V) (va-na´de-um)
A metallic element, atomic no. 23, atomic wt. 50.9415; a bioelement, its deficiency can result in abnormal bone growth and a rise in cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. [Vanadis, Scand. goddess]
v. group Those elements resembling vanadium in chemical and metallurgical properties; included with vanadium are niobium and tantalum.



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vanadium group vanadium group
See under vanadium.



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van Bogaert van Bogaert
Ludo, 20th century Belgian neurologist. See Canavan-v.B.-Bertrand disease; v.B. encephalitis.



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van Buchem van Buchem
Francis Steven Peter, Dutch internist, *1897. See VanB.'s syndrome.



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van Buren van Buren
William H., U.S. surgeon, 1819-1883. See vanB. sound; vanB.'s disease.



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vancomycin vancomycin (van-ko-mI´sin)
An antibiotic isolated from cultures of Nocardia orientalis, bactericidal and bacteriostatic against Gram-positive organisms; available as the hydrochloride.



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van Creveld van Creveld
S., Dutch pediatrician, *1894. See Ellis-vanC. syndrome.



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vandal root vandal root (van´dal)
valerian



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van Deen van Deen
Izaak A., Dutch physiologist, 1804-1869. See vanD.'s test.



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van den Bergh van den Bergh
A.A.H., Dutch physician, 1869-1943. See vandenB.'s test.



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van der Kolk van der Kolk
Jacobus L.C.S., Dutch physician, 1797-1862. See vanderK.'s law.



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van der Spieghel van der Spieghel
See Spigelius.



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van der Velden van der Velden
Reinhardt, German physician, 1851-1903. See vanderV.'s's test.



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van der Waals van der Waals
Johannes D., Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate, 1837-1923. See vanderW.'s forces, under force.



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van Ekenstein van Ekenstein
W.A., 19th century scientist. See Lobry de Bruyn-vanE. transformation.



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van Ermengen van Ermengen
Emile P., Belgian bacteriologist, 1851-1932. See vanE.'s stain.



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van Gieson van Gieson
Ira, U.S. histologist and bacteriologist, 1865-1913. See vanG.'s stain.



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van Helmont van Helmont
Jean B., Flemish physician and chemist, 1577-1644. See vanH.'s mirror.



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van Horne van Horne , Hoorne , Hoorn , Heurenius
Jan (Johannes), Dutch anatomist, 1621-1670. See vanH.'s canal.



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vanilla vanilla (va-nil´a)
The cured, full-grown, unripe fruit of Vanila planifolia (Mexican or Bourbon v.) or of v. tahitensis (Tahiti v.), orchids (family Orchidaceae) native to Mexico and cultivated in other tropical countries; a flavoring agent. [Sp. vainilla, little pod]



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vanillate vanillate (va-nil´at)
A compound of vanillic acid; C8H8O4.



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vanillic acid vanillic acid (va-nil´ik)
CH3O-C6H3(OH)COOH; Methylprotocatechuic acid; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid;a flavoring agent.



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vanillin vanillin (va-nil´in)
Methylprotocatechuic aldehyde; vanillic aldehyde; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde;obtained from vanilla and also prepared synthetically; a flavoring agent; used to detect ornithine, sugar alcohols, phenols, and certain sterols.



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vanillism vanillism (va-nil´izm)
1. Symptoms of irritation of the skin, nasal mucous membrane, and conjunctiva from which workers with vanilla sometimes suffer. 2. Infestation of the skin by sarcoptiform mites found in vanilla pods.



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vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) (van´i-lil-man-del´ik, va-nil´il-)
Misnomer for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (a,3-dihydroxy-2-methoxybenzeneacetic acid);the major urinary metabolite of adrenal and sympathetic catecholamines (e.g., from both epinephrine and norepinephrine); elevated in most patients with pheochromocytoma.



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Van Slyke Van Slyke
Donald D., U.S. biochemist, 1883-1971. See slyke; VanS. apparatus; VanS.'s formula.



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van't Hoff van't Hoff
Jacobus H., Dutch chemist and Nobel laureate, 1852-1911. See van'tH.'s equation, law, theory; Le Bel-van'tH. rule.



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vapor vapor (va´per)
1. Molecules in the gaseous phase of a solid or liquid substance exposed to a gas. 2. A visible emanation of fine particles of a liquid. 3. A medicinal preparation to be administered by inhalation. [L. steam]
anesthetic v. the gaseous phase of a liquid anesthetic with sufficient partial pressure at room temperature to produce general anesthesia when inhaled.



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vaporization vaporization (va-por-i-za´shun)
1. The change of a solid or liquid to a state of vapor. 2. The therapeutic application of a vapor.



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vaporize vaporize (va´-per-Iz)
1. To convert a solid or liquid into a vapor. 2. To apply a vapor therapeutically.



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vaporizer vaporizer (va´per-Iz-er)
1. An apparatus for reducing medicated liquids to a state of vapor suitable for inhalation or application to accessible mucous membranes. See also nebulizer, atomizer. 2. A device for volatizing liquid anesthetics.
flow-over v. a device for vaporization of a liquid anesthetic by causing gases to pass over the anesthetic or over material saturated with the anesthetic.
temperature-compensated v. a v. of liquid anesthetics with graduated settings calibrated to deliver a known constant concentration of a specific anesthetic despite changes in inflow volume and despite cooling brought about by vaporization.



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vaporthorax vaporthorax (vap-er-tho´raks)
The existence of large water vapor bubbles in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall in an unprotected person exposed to altitudes above 63,000 ft., where the barometric pressure is less than 47 mm Hg and where water at body temperature vaporizes from the liquid state.



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vapotherapy vapotherapy (va´po-thar´a-pe)
Treatment of disease by means of vapor or spray.



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Va/Q Va/Q
Abbreviation for ventilation/perfusion ratio.



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Vaquez Vaquez
Louis H., French physician, 1860-1936. See V.'s disease.



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variability variability (var´e-a-bil´i-te)
1. The capability of being variable. 2. In genetics, the potential or actual differences, either quantitative or qualitative, in phenotype among individuals.
baseline v. of fetal heart rate the beat-to-beat changes in fetal heart rate as recorded on a graph.



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variable variable (var´e-a-bl)
1. That which is inconstant, which can or does change, as contrasted with a constant. 2. Deviating from the type in structure, form, physiology, or behavior. [L. vario, to vary, change, differ]
continuous v. a v. that may take on any value in an interval or intervals (its domain).
continuous random v. continuous v. that may randomly assume any value in its domain but any particular value has no probability of occurring, only a probability density.
dependent v. in experiments, a v. that is influenced by or dependent upon changes in the independent v.; e.g., the amount of a written passage retained (dependent v.) as a function of the different numbers of minutes (independent v.) allowed to study the passage.
discrete v. a v. that may assume only a countable (usually finite) number of values.
discrete random v. a random v. that may assume a countable number of values, each with a probability strictly greater than zero.
independent v. a characteristic being measured or observed that is hypothesized to influence another event or manifestation (the dependent v.) within a defined area of relationships under study; that is, the independent v. is not influenced by the event or manifestation, but may cause it or contribute to its variation. See dependent v.
intermediate v. a v. in a causal pathway that causes variation in the dependent v. and is itself caused to vary by the independent v.
intervening v. an event, such as an attitude or emotion, inferred to occur within an organism between the stimulation and response in such a way as to influence or determine the response.
mixed discrete-continuous random v. a random v. that may assume some values with probabilities and others with probability densities. For example, in a 35-year-old man with familial polyposis of the colon, the distribution of time until malignant disease occurs consists of a probability that he already has cancer (which would be assigned the waiting time 0), a probability density of developing it in the future and a probability that he will die of some other cause before he develops cancer.
moderator v. a v. that interacts by virtue of being antecedent or intermediate in the causal pathway.
random v. a v. that may assume a set of values, each with fixed probabilities or probability densities (its distribution), in such a way that the total probability assigned to the distribution is unity; the random v. may be discrete, continuous, or mixed discrete-continuous.



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variance variance (var´e-ans)
1. The state of being variable, different, divergent, or deviate; a degree of deviation. 2. A measure of the variation shown by a set of observations, defined as the sum of squares of deviations from the mean, divided by the number of degrees of freedom in the set of observations.
ball v. swelling and changes in shape and consistency of the ball in a ball-valve prosthesis, especially in one replacing the aortic valve.



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variant variant (var´e-ant)
1. That which, or one who, is variable. 2. Having the tendency to alter or change, exhibit variety or diversity, not conform, or differ from the type.
inherited albumin v.'s [MIM*103600] types of human serum albumin, distinguished by characteristic mobility patterns on electrophoresis; each type is due to a mutation of a gene controlling albumin synthesis; the mutant genes are codominant with the normal gene for albumin A, and the group forms a system of genetic polymorphism; types include: albumin b (slow), found occasionally in persons of European ancestry; albumin Ghent (fast), found first at Ghent, Belgium; albumin Mexico (slow), found in Indians of Mexico and the southwestern United States; albumin Naskapi (fast), found in the Naskapi and other Indians of northern North America; and albumin Reading (fast), found first at Reading, England.
L-phase v.'s bacterial v.'s which do not have rigid cell walls but which may contain varying amounts of cell wall material; they are spherical to coccobacillary in shape and vary in size from small bodies that pass through filters which retain bacteria to bodies that are larger than the bacterial form; they are Gram-negative and resistant to penicillin; some revert to the bacterial phase upon removal of the inducing substance, whereas others do not; the v.'s differ greatly from the parent bacterial cells in mode of reproduction, physiology, growth requirements, and individual and colonial morphology; they are generally considered to be nonpathogenic, even if derived from a pathogenic bacterium. [L. fr. Lister Institute]



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variate variate (var´e-at)
A measurable quantity capable of taking on a number of values; may be binary (i.e., capable of taking on two values in a certain interval of values), continuous (i.e., capable of taking on all values in a certain interval of real values), or discrete (i.e., capable of taking on a limited number of values in a certain interval of real values).



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variation variation (var-e-a´shun)
Deviation from the type, especially the parent type, in structure, form, physiology, or behavior. [L. variatio, fr. vario, to change, vary]
beat-to-beat v. of fetal heart rate v. of fetal heart rate measured in changes in the QRS-QRS interval from heart beat to heart beat; measured with electronic internal fetal heart rate monitors.
continuous v. a series of very slight v.'s.



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varication varication (var-i-ka´shun)
Formation or presence of varices.



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variceal variceal (var-I-se´al, va-ris´e-al)
Of or pertaining to a varix.



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varicella varicella (var-i-sel´a)
An acute contagious disease, usually occurring in children, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, a member of the family Herpesviridae, and marked by a sparse eruption of papules, which become vesicles and then pustules, like that of smallpox although less severe and varying in stages, usually with mild constitutional symptoms; incubation period is about 14 to 17 days.chickenpox, waterpox; [Mod. L. dim. of variola]
v. gangreno´sa gangrenous ulceration of v. lesions with or without secondary infection, occurring mainly in children with severe underlying disease.



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varicellation varicellation (var-i-se-la´shun)
Inoculation with the virus of chickenpox as a means of protection against that disease.



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varicelliform varicelliform (var-I-sel´I-form)
Resembling varicella.varicelloid;



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varicelloid varicelloid (var-I-sel´oyd)
varicelliform



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varices varices (var´i-sez)
Plural of varix.



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variciform variciform (var´I-si-form, va-ris´I-form)
Resembling a varix.cirsoid, varicoid;



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varico- varico-
A varix, varicose, varicosity. [L. varix, a dilated vein]



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varicoblepharon varicoblepharon (var´i-ko-blef´a-ron)
A varicosity of the eyelid. [varico- + G. blepharon, eyelid]



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varicocele varicocele (var´i-ko-sel)
A condition manifested by abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord, caused by incompetent valves in the internal spermatic vein and resulting in impaired drainage of blood into the spermatic cord veins when the patient assumes the upright position.cirsocele, pampinocele; [varico- + G. kele, tumor, hernia]
ovarian v. a varicose condition of the pampiniform plexus in the broad ligament of the uterus.tubo-ovarian v., utero-ovarian v;
symptomatic v. a v. caused by obstruction of the internal spermatic vein, usually at the level of the renal vein and usually due to invasive renal cell carcinoma, characterized by failure of the dilated veins in the spermatic cord to empty when the patient assumes a recumbent position.
tubo-ovarian v. ovarian v
utero-ovarian v. ovarian v



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varicocelectomy varicocelectomy (var´i-ko-se-lek´to-me)
Operation for the correction of a varicocele by ligature and excision and by ligation of the dilated veins. [varicocele + G. ektome, excision]



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varicography varicography (var´I-kog´ra-fe)
Radiography of the veins after injection of contrast medium into varicose veins. [varico- + G. grapho, to write]



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varicoid varicoid (var´i-koyd)
variciform



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varicomphalus varicomphalus (var-i-kom´fa-lus)
A swelling formed by varicose veins at the umbilicus. [varico- + G. omphalos, navel]



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varicophlebitis varicophlebitis (var´i-ko-fle-bI´tis)
Inflammation of varicose veins. [varico- + G. phleps, vein, + -itis, inflammation]



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varicose varicose (var´i-kos)
Relating to, affected with, or characterized by varices or varicosis.



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varicosis varicosis, pl. varicoses (var-i-ko´sis, -sez)
A dilated or varicose state of a vein or veins. [varico- + G. -osis, condition]



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varicosity varicosity (var-i-kos´i-te)
A varix or varicose condition.



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varicotomy varicotomy (var-i-kot´o-me)
An operation for varicose veins by subcutaneous incision. [varico- + G. tome, a cutting]



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varicula varicula (va-rik´yu-la)
A varicose condition of the veins of the conjunctiva.conjunctival varix; [L. dim. of varix]



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varicule varicule (var´i-kyul)
A small varicose vein ordinarily seen in the skin; may be associated with venous stars, venous lakes, or larger varicose veins. [L. varicula, dim. of varix]



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variegation variegation (ver´e-a-ga´shun)
The diversification or alteration of a phenotype produced by a change in the genotype during somatic development.



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variola variola (va-rI´o-la)
smallpox [Med. L. dim of L. varius, spotted]
v. benig´na varioloid (2)
v. hemorrha´gica hemorrhagic smallpox
v. ma´jor smallpox
v. malig´na malignant smallpox, usually of the hemorrhagic form.malignant smallpox;
v. milia´ris a form of varioloid in which the eruption consists of miliary vesicles without the formation of pustules.
v. mi´nor alastrim
v. pemphigo´sa a form of smallpox in which the eruption consists of pemphigus-like blebs.
v. si´ne eruptio´ne an abortive form of smallpox in which the disease subsides without the appearance of any eruption, or at most a few papules that never go on to pustulation.
v. vaccine , v. vaccin´ia vaccinia
v. ve´ra simple smallpox of ordinary severity in the unvaccinated.
v. verruco´sa a mild or abortive form of varioloid, the eruption of which consists mainly of papules, with occasionally minute vesicles at the apices, which persist for a time as wartlike lesions.wartpox;



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variolar variolar (va-rI´o-lar)
Relating to smallpox.variolic, variolous;



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variolate variolate (var´e-o-lat)
1. To inoculate with smallpox. 2. Pitted or scarred, as if by smallpox.



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variolation variolation (var´e-o-la´shun)
The obsolete process of inoculating a susceptible person with material from a vesicle of a patient with smallpox.variolization;



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variolic variolic (var-e-ol´ik)
variolar



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varioliform varioliform (va-rI´o-li-form, var-e-o´li-form)
varioloid (1) [variola + L. forma, form]



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variolization variolization (var´e-o-li-za´shun)
variolation



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varioloid varioloid (var´e-o-loyd)
1. Resembling smallpox.varioliform; 2. A mild form of smallpox occurring in persons who are relatively resistant, usually as a result of a previous vaccination.modified smallpox, varicelloid smallpox, variola benigna; [variola + G. eidos, resemblance]



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variolous variolous (va-rI´o-lus)
variolar



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variolovaccine variolovaccine (va-rI´o-lo-vak´sen)
A vaccine obtained from the eruption following inoculation of a heifer with smallpox from the human.



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varix varix, pl. varices (var´iks, var´i-sez)
1. A dilated vein. 2. An enlarged and tortuous vein, artery, or lymphatic vessel. [L. varix (varic-), a dilated vein]
v. anastomot´icus aneurysmal v
aneurysmal v. dilation and tortuosity of a vein resulting from an acquired communication with an adjacent artery.Pott's aneurysm, v. anastomoticus;
cirsoid v. cirsoid aneurysm
conjunctival v. varicula
esophageal varices longitudinal venous varices at the lower end of the esophagus as a result of portal hypertension; they are superficial and liable to ulceration and massive bleeding.
gelatinous v. a lumpy or nodular condition of the umbilical cord.
lymph v. the formation of varices or cysts in the lymph nodes in consequence of obstruction in the efferent lymphatics.
turbinal v. a condition of permanent dilation of the veins of the turbinated bodies, especially of the inferior turbinate.



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varnish (dental) varnish (dental)
Solutions of natural resins and gums in a suitable solvent, of which a thin coating is applied over the surfaces of the cavity preparations before placement of restorations, used as a protective agent for the tooth against constituents of restorative materials.cavity liner, vernix;



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Varolius Varolius , Varolio
Constantius (Costanzio), Italian anatomist and physician, 1543-1575. See ileal sphincter; valve of V.; pons varolii.



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varus varus (va´rus)
Bent or twisted inward toward the midline of the limb or body; modern accepted usage, particularly in orthopedics, erroneously transposes the meaning of valgus to v., as in genu varum (bowleg). [Mod. L. bent inward, fr. L. knock-kneed]



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vas vas, gen. va´sis, pl. vasa, gen and pl. vasorum (vas, va´sis, va´sa, va-so´rum) [NA]
A duct or canal conveying any liquid, such as blood, lymph, chyle, or semen. See also vessel. [L. a vessel, dish]
v. aber´rans hep´atis, pl. va´sa aberran´tia hep´atis blind and/or atrophic bile duct remnants in the fibrous appendix and in the capsule of the liver at the margins of the left lobe and the groove for the inferior vena cava.
v. aberrans of Roth an occasional diverticulum of the rete testis or of the efferent ductules of the testis.
vasa aberran´tes aberrant ductules, under ductule
v. af´ferens, pl. va´sa afferen´tia [NA] afferent glomerular arteriole
v. anastomot´icum [NA] anastomosing vessel
va´sa aur´is inter´nae [NA] vessels of internal ear, under vessel
va´sa bre´via short gastric arteries, under artery
v. capilla´re [NA] capillary (2) See blood capillary, lymph capillary.
va´sa chylif´era chyle vessels. See lacteal (2);
v. collatera´le [NA] collateral vessel
v. def´erens, pl. va´sa deferen´tia ductus deferens
v. ef´ferens, pl. va´sa efferen´tia [NA] 1. a vein carrying blood away from a part;efferent lymphatic; 2. efferent glomerular arteriole 3. efferent ductules of testis, under ductule
Ferrein's vasa aberrantia biliary canaliculi that are not connected with hepatic lobules.
Haller's v. aberrans inferior aberrant ductule
va´sa lymphat´ica [NA] lymph vessels, under vessel
v. lympha´ticum lymphatic (3)
v. lympha´ticum affe´rens [NA] afferent lymphatic
v. lympha´ticum effe´rens [NA] efferent lymphatic
v. lympha´ticum profun´dum [NA] deep lymphatic vessel
v. lympha´ticum superficia´le [NA] superficial lymphatic vessel
va´sa nervor´um [NA] blood vessels supplying nerves.
va´sa pre´via umbilical vessels presenting in advance of the fetal head, usually traversing the membranes and crossing the internal cervical os.
v. prom´inens duc´tus cochlea´ris [NA] a blood vessel in the substance of the spiral prominence of the cochler duct.
va´sa rec´ta 1. straight vessels into which the efferent arteriole of the juxtamedullary glomeruli breaks up; they form a leash of vessels which, arising at the bases of the pyramids, run through the renal medulla toward the apex of each pyramid, then reverse direction in a hairpin turn, and run straight back again toward the base of the pyramid as venae rectae; 2. straight seminiferous tubulearteriolae rectae [NA];
va´sa sanguin´ea ret´inae [NA] retinal blood vessels, under blood vessel
v. spira´le [NA] a blood vessel, larger than its fellows, running in the tympanic layer of the basilar membrane just beneath the tunnel of Corti.
va´sa vaso´rum [NA] small arteries distributed to the outer and middle coats of the larger blood vessels, and their corresponding veins.vessels of vessels;
va´sa vortico´sa vortex veins, under vein



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vas- vas-
A vas, blood vessel. See also vasculo-, vaso-. [L. vas]



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vasa vasa (va´sa)
Plural of vas.



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vasal vasal (va´sal)
Relating to a vas or to vasa.



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vascular vascular (vas´kyu-lar)
Relating to or containing blood vessels. [L. vasculum, a small vessel, dim. of vas]



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vascularity vascularity (vas-kyu-lar´i-te)
The condition of being vascular.



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vascularization vascularization (vas´kyu-lar-i-za´shun)
The formation of new blood vessels in a part.arterialization (3);



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vascularized vascularized (vas-kyu-lar-Izd)
Rendered vascular by the formation of new vessels.



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vasculature vasculature (vas´kyu-la-chur)
The vascular network of an organ.



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vasculitis vasculitis (vas-kyu-lI´tis)
angiitis
cutaneous v. an acute form of v. which may affect the skin only, but also may involve other organs, with a polymorphonuclear infiltrate in the walls of and surrounding small (dermal) vessels. Nuclear fragments are formed by karyorrhexis of the neutrophils. See also leukocytoclastic v.allergic angiitis, hypersensitivity v;
hypersensitivity v. cutaneous v
hypocomplementemic v. (hI´po-com´ple-men-tem-ik) urticarial v
leukocytoclastic v. (lu´ko-sI-to-klas-tik) cutaneous acute v. characterized clinically by palpable purpura, especially of the legs, and histologically by exudation of the neutrophils and sometimes fibrin around dermal venules, with nuclear dust and extravasation of red cells; may be limited to the skin or involve other tissues as in Henoch-Schönlein purpura. See also cutaneous v. [G. leukos, white, + kytos, cell, + klastos, broken, fr. klao, to break]
livedo v. (liv´e-do) hyaline degeneration of the walls of small dermal blood vessels with occlusion seen with cryoglobulinemia or in atrophie blanche.
nodular v. chronic or recurrent nodular lesions of subcutaneous tissue, especially of the legs of older women, with lobular panniculitis, granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells, focal necrosis, and obliterative inflammation of the small blood vessels, resembling erythema induratum but without evidence of associated tuberculosis.
urticarial v. cutaneous lesions resembling urticaria but lasting more than 24 hours, with biopsy findings of leukocytoclastic v. and variable systemic changes, usually with hypocomplementemia.hypocomplementemic v;



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vasculo- vasculo-
A blood vessel. See also vas-, vaso-. [L. vasculum, a small vessel, dim. of vas]



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vasculocardiac vasculocardiac (vas´kyu-lo-kar´de-ak)
cardiovascular



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vasculogenesis vasculogenesis (vas´kyu-lo-jen´e-sis)
Formation of the vascular system. [vasculo- + G. genesis, production]



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vasculomotor vasculomotor (vas´ku-lo-mo´ter)
vasomotor



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vasculomyelinopathy vasculomyelinopathy (vas´kyu-lo-mI-e-li-nop´a-the)
Small cerebral vessel vasculopathy with subsequent perivascular demyelination, presumably due to circulating immune complexes.



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vasculopathy vasculopathy (vas-kyu-lop´a-the)
Any disease of the blood vessels. [vasculo- + G. pathos, disease]



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vasculum vasculum, pl. vascula (vas´kyu-lum, -la)
A small vessel. [L. dim of vas, a vessel]



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vasectomy vasectomy (va-sek´to-me)
Excision of a segment of the vas deferens, performed in association with prostatectomy, or to produce sterility.deferentectomy; [vas- + G. ektome, excision]



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vasifaction vasifaction (vas-i-fak´shun)
angiopoiesis



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vasifactive vasifactive (vas-i-fak´tiv)
angiopoietic



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vasiform vasiform (vas´i-form)
Having the shape of a vas or tubular structure.



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vasitis vasitis (va-sI´tis)
deferentitis



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vasitis nodosa vasitis nodosa (va-sI´tis no-do´sa)
An inflammatory condition of the vas deferens characterized by the presence of numerous epithelium-lined spaces with the muscularis and adventitia, often containing spermatozoa; usually seen after vasectomy, and may clinically and microscopically mimic adenocarcinoma. See also vas deferens.



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vaso- vaso-
Vas, blood vessel. See also vas-, vasculo-. [L. vas, a vessel]



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vasoactive vasoactive (va-so-ak´tiv, vas-o-)
Influencing the tone and caliber of blood vessels.



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vasoconstriction vasoconstriction (va´so-kon-strik´shun, vas´o-)
Narrowing of the blood vessels.
active v. reduced caliber of a vessel caused by increased tonus in the smooth muscle in its walls.
passive v. reduced caliber of a vessel caused by decreased intraluminal pressure.



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vasoconstrictive vasoconstrictive (va´so-kon-strik´tiv, vas´o-)
1. Causing narrowing of the blood vessels. 2. vasoconstrictor (1)



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vasoconstrictor vasoconstrictor (va´so-kon-strik´ter, vas´o-)
1. An agent that causes narrowing of the blood vessels.vasoconstrictive (2); 2. A nerve, stimulation of which causes vascular constriction.



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vasodentin vasodentin (va-so-den´tin, vas-o-)
Dentin in which the primitive capillaries have remained uncalcified and so are wide enough to give passage to the formed elements of the blood.vascular dentin;



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vasodepression vasodepression (va´so-de-presh´un, vas´o)
Reduction of tone in blood vessels with vasodilation and resulting lowered blood pressure.



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vasodepressor vasodepressor (va´so-de-pres´er, vas´o)
1. Producing vasodepression. 2. An agent that produces vasodepression.



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vasodilatation vasodilatation (va´so-dil-a-ta´shun, vas´o-)
vasodilation



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vasodilation vasodilation (va´so-dI-la´shun, vas-o-)
widening of the lumen of blood vessels.vasodilatation;
active v. v. caused by decrease in tonus of smooth muscle in the wall of a vessel.
passive v. v. related to increased pressure in lumen of a vessel.



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vasodilative vasodilative (va´so-dI-la´tiv, vas´o-)
1. Causing dilation of the blood vessels. 2. vasodilator (1)



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vasodilator vasodilator (va´so-dI-la´ter, vas´o-)
1. An agent that causes dilation of the blood vessels.vasodilative (2); 2. A nerve, stimulation of which results in dilation of the blood vessels.



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vasoepididymostomy vasoepididymostomy (va´so-ep-i-did-i-mos´to-me, vas´o-)
Surgical anastomosis of the vasa deferentia to the epididymis, to bypass an obstruction at the level of the mid to distal epididymis or proximal vas. [vaso- + epididymis + G. stoma, mouth]



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vasofactive vasofactive (va-so-fak´tiv, vas-o-)
angiopoietic



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vasoformation vasoformation (va-so-for-ma´shun, vas-o-)
angiopoiesis



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vasoformative vasoformative (va-so-for´ma-tiv, vas-o-)
angiopoietic



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vasoganglion vasoganglion (va-so-gang´gle-on, vas-o-)
A mass of blood vessels.



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vasography vasography (va-sog´ra-fe)
Radiography of the vas deferens to determine patency, by injecting contrast medium into its lumen either transurethrally or by open vasotomy. [vas + G. grapho, to write]



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vasohypertonic vasohypertonic (va´so-hI-per-ton´ik, vas´o-)
Relating to increased arteriolar tension or vasoconstriction. [vaso- + G. hyper, over, + tonos, tone]



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vasohypotonic vasohypotonic (va´so-hI-po-ton´ik, vas´o-)
Relating to reduced arteriolar tension or vasodilation. [vaso- + G. hypo, under, + tonos, tone]



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vasoinhibitor vasoinhibitor (va´so-in-hib´i-ter, vas´o-)
An agent that restricts or prevents the functioning of the vasomotor nerves.



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vasoinhibitory vasoinhibitory (va´so-in-hib´i-tor-e, vas´o-)
Restraining vasomotor action.



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vasolabile vasolabile (va-so-la´bil, -bIl, vas-o-)
Characterizing the condition in which there is lability or active vasomotion of blood vessels.



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vasoligation vasoligation (va´so-li-ga´shun, vas´o-)
Ligation of the vas deferens, usually after its division.



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vasomotion vasomotion (va-so-mo´shun, vas-o-)
Change in caliber of a blood vessel.angiokinesis;



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vasomotor vasomotor (va-so-mo´ter, vas-o-)
1. Causing dilation or constriction of the blood vessels. 2. Denoting the nerves which have this action.angiokinetic, vasculomotor;



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vasoneuropathy vasoneuropathy (va´so-nu-rop´a-the, vas´o-)
Any disease involving both the nerves and blood vessels. [vaso- + G. neuron, nerve, + pathos, suffering]



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vasoneurosis vasoneurosis (va´so-nu-ro´sis, vas´o-)
vasomotor neurosis



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vaso-orchidostomy vaso-orchidostomy (va´so-or-ki-dos´to-me, vas´o-)
Reestablishment of the interrupted seminiferous channels by uniting the tubules of the epididymis or of the rete testis to the divided end of the vas deferens. [vaso- + G. orchis, testis, + stoma, mouth]



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vasoparalysis vasoparalysis (va´so-pa-ral´i-sis, vas´o-)
Paralysis, atonia, or hypotonia of blood vessels.angiohypotonia, angioparalysis;



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vasoparesis vasoparesis (va´so-pa-re´sis, -par´e-sis, vas´o-)
A mild degree of vasoparalysis.angioparesis, vasomotor paralysis; [vaso- + G. paresis, weakness]



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vasopressin (VP) vasopressin (VP) (va-so-pres´in, vas-o-)
A nonapeptide neurohypophysial hormone related to oxytocin and vasotocin; synthetically prepared or obtained from the posterior lobe of the pituitary of healthy domestic animals. In pharmacological doses v. causes contraction of smooth muscle, notably that of all blood vessels; large doses may produce cerebral or coronary arterial spasm.antidiuretic hormone, antidiuretin, Pitressin; [vaso- + L. premo, pp. pressum, to press down, + -in]
arginine v. (AVP) [8-arginine]vasopressin; [Arg8]vasopressin;v. containing an arginyl residue in position 8 (as in chickens and most mammals, including man); porcine v. has a lysyl residue at position 8. All are vasopressors.argipressin;



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vasopressor vasopressor (va-so-pres´er, vas-o-)
1. Producing vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure, usually understood to be systemic arterial pressure unless otherwise specified. 2. An agent that has this effect.



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vasopuncture vasopuncture (va-so-punk´chur, vas-o-)
The act of puncturing a vessel with a needle.



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vasoreflex vasoreflex (va-so-re´fleks, vas´o-)
A reflex that influences the caliber of blood vessels.



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vasorelaxation vasorelaxation (va´so-re-lak-sa´shun, vas-o)
Reduction in tension of the walls of the blood vessels.



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vasosection vasosection (va-so-sek´shun, vas-o-)
vasotomy



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vasosensory vasosensory (va-so-sen´ser-e, vas-o-)
1. Relating to sensation in the blood vessels. 2. Denoting sensory nerve fibers innervating blood vessels.



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vasospasm vasospasm (va´so-spazm, vas´o-)
Contraction or hypertonia of the muscular coats of the blood vessels.angiohypertonia, angiospasm;



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vasospastic vasospastic (va-so-spas´tik, vas-o-)
Relating to or characterized by vasospasm.angiospastic;



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vasostimulant vasostimulant (va-so-stim´yu-lant)
1. Exciting vasomotor action. 2. An agent that excites the vasomotor nerves to action. 3. vasotonic (2)



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vasostomy vasostomy (va-sos´to-me)
Establishment of an artificial opening into the deferent duct. [vaso- + G. stoma, mouth]



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vasothrombin vasothrombin (va-so-throm´bin, vas-o-)
Thrombin derived from the lining cells of the blood vessels.



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vasotocin vasotocin (va-so-to´sin, vas-o-)
A nonapeptide hormone of the neurohypophysis of subvertebrates, with activities similar to that of vasopressin and oxytocin; chemically identical with human vasopressin except for an isoleucyl residue at position 3; thus [3-isoleucine]vasopressin or [Ile3]vasopressin. [vaso, pressin + oxytocin]
arginine v. v. with arginyl residue at position 8 (identical with arginine oxytocin). See also arginine vasopressin.



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vasotomy vasotomy (va-sot´o-me)
Incision into or division of the vas deferens.vasosection; [vaso- + G. tome, incision]



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vasotonia vasotonia (va-so-to´ne-a, vas-o-)
The tone of blood vessels, particularly the arterioles.angiotonia; [vaso- + G. tonos, tone]



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vasotonic vasotonic (va-so-ton´ik, vas-o-)
1. Relating to vascular tone.angiotonic; 2. An agent that increases vascular tension.vasostimulant (3);



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vasotrophic vasotrophic (va-so-trof´ik, vas-o-)
Relating to the nutrition of the blood vessels or the lymphatics. [vaso- + G. trophe, nourishment]



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vasotropic vasotropic (va-so-tro´pik, vas-o-)
Tending to act on the blood vessels. [vaso- + G. trope, a turning]



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vasovagal vasovagal (va-so-va´gal, vas-o-)
Relating to the action of the vagus nerve upon the blood vessels.



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vasovasostomy vasovasostomy (va´so-va-sos´to-me, vas´o-)
Surgical anastomosis of vasa deferentia, to restore fertility in a previously vasectomized male. [vaso- + vaso- + G. stoma, mouth]



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vasovesiculectomy vasovesiculectomy (va´so-ve-sik-yu-lek´to-me, vas´o-)
Excision of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles. [vaso- + L. vesicula, vesicle, + G. ektome, excision]



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vastus vastus (vas´tus)
Great. See vastus intermedius muscle, vastus lateralis muscle, vastus medialis muscle. [L.]



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VATER VATER
Acronym for vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, and radial and renal anomalies. See VATER complex.



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Vater Vater
Abraham, German anatomist and botanist, 1684-1751. See V.'s ampulla, corpuscles, under corpuscle, fold; V.-Pacini corpuscles, under corpuscle.



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VATS VATS
Abbreviation for video-assisted thoracic surgery.



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vault vault (vawlt)
A part resembling an arched roof or dome, e.g., the pharyngeal v. or fornix, the non-muscular upper part of the naso-pharynx; the palatine v., arch of the plate; v. of the vagina, fornix of vagina. [thr. O. Fr., fr. L. volvo, pp. volutus, to turn round]
cranial v. neurocranium



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V-bends V-bends
V-shaped bends incorporated in an archwire, usually placed mesially or distally to the canines (cuspids) and used as a "dead" area of wire through which torquing bends may be placed.



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VC VC
Abbreviation for colored vision; vital capacity.



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VCUG VCUG
Abbreviation for voiding cystourethrogram.



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VDRL VDRL
Abbreviation for Venereal Disease Research Laboratories. See VDRL test.



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vection vection (vek´shun)
Transference of the agents of disease from an infected to an uninfected individual by a vector. [L. vectio, conveyance]



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vectis vectis (vek´tis)
An instrument resembling one of the blades of an obstetrical forceps, used as an aid in delivery by making leverge on the presenting part of the fetus. [L. a lever or bar]



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vector vector (vek´ter, tor)
1. An invertebrate animal (e.g., tick, mite, mosquito, bloodsucking fly) capable of transmitting an infectious agent among vertebrates. 2. Anything (e.g., velocity, mechanical force, electromotive force) having magnitude, direction, and sense; it can be represented by a straight line of appropriate length and direction. 3. The net electrical axis of the heart (represented by an arrow) whose length is proportional to the magnitude of the electrical force, whose direction gives the direction of the force, and whose tip represents the positive pole of the force. 4. DNA such as a chromosome or plasmid that autonomously replicates in a cell to which another DNA segment may be inserted and be itself replicated as in cloning. 5. recombinant v [L. vector, a carrier]
biological v. a v., such as the Anopheles mosquito for malarial agents or the tsetse fly for agents of African sleeping sickness, in which the agent multiplies prior to being transmitted to another host.
cloning v. an autonomously replicating plasmid or phage with regions that are not essential for its propagation in bacteria and into which foreign DNA can be inserted; this foreign DNA is replicated and propagated as if it were a normal component of the v.
expression v. a v. (plasmid, yeast, or animal virus genome) used experimentally to introduce foreign genetic material into a propagatable host cell in order to replicate and amplify the foreign DNA sequences as a recombinant molecule (recombinant DNA cloning of sequences).
instantaneous v. the resultant v. of the heart's action currents at any given moment, usually represented as an arrow of appropriate direction and magnitude.
manifest v. projection of a spatial cardiac v. on a single plane.
mean v. a single cardiac v. representing the average of all v.'s present during a given time interval.mean manifest v;
mean manifest v. mean v
mechanical v. a v. that conveys pathogens to a susceptible individual without essential biological development of the pathogens in the v., as in the transfer of septic organisms on the feet or mouth parts of the housefly.
recombinant v. a v. into which a foreign DNA has been inserted.vector (5);
retroviral v. a specially constructed retrovirus containing one or more genes to correct certain genetic disorders.
shuttle v. a v. (4) that contains both bacterial and eukaryotic replication signals; thus, replication can occur in both types of cells.
spatial v. a cardiac v. represented in more than one plane simultaneously; two- or three-dimensional orientation of a v.



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vector-borne vector-borne (vek´ter-born)
Denoting a disease or infection that is transmitted by an invertebrate vector.



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vectorcardiogram vectorcardiogram (vek´tor-kar´de-o-gram)
A graphic representation of the magnitude and direction of the heart's action currents in the form of vector loops.



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vectorcardiography vectorcardiography (vek´tor-kar-de-og´ra-fe)
1. A variant of electrocardiography in which the heart's activation currents are represented by vector loops. 2. The study and interpretation of vectorcardiograms.
spatial v. three-dimensional v. in which vector loops are inscribed in frontal, sagittal, and horizontal planes.



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vectorial vectorial (vek-tor´e-al)
Relating in any way to a vector.



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vectors vectors
Recombinant DNA systems especially suited for production of large quantities of specific proteins in bacterial, yeast, insect, or mammalian cell systems.



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vecuronium bromide vecuronium bromide (ve-kyu-ro´ne-um)
1-[3,17-Bis(acetyloxy)-2-(1-piperidinyl)androstan-16-yl]-1-methylpiperidinium;a nondepolarizing neuromuscular relaxant with a relatively short duration of action; a monoquaternary homologue of pancuronium.



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VEE VEE
Abbreviation for Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis.



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vegalysen vegalysen (ve´ga-lI´sen)
hexamethonium chloride



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vegan vegan (veg´an)
A strict vegetarian; i.e., one who consumes no animal or dairy products of any type. Cf. vegetarian.



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vegetable vegetable (vej´ta-bl, vej´e-ta-bl)
1. A plant, specifically one used for food. 2. Relating to plants, as distinguished from animals or minerals.vegetal (1); [M.E., fr. L. vegetabilis (see vegetation)]



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vegetal vegetal (vej´e-tal)
1. vegetable (2) 2. Denoting the vital functions common to plants and animals, such as respiration, metabolism, growth, generation, etc., distinguished from those peculiar to animals, such as conscious sensation and the mental faculties.



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vegetality vegetality (vej-e-tal´i-te)
The aggregate of the vital functions common to both plants and animals.



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vegetarian vegetarian (vej-e-tar´e-an)
One whose diet is restricted to foods of vegetable origin, excluding primarily animal meats. Cf. vegan.
lacto-v. a v. who consumes dairy products but does not eat animal flesh or eggs.
lacto-ovo-v. a v. who consumes dairy products and eggs but does not eat animal flesh.
ovo-v. a v. who consumes eggs but does not consume dairy products nor animal flesh.
pesco-v. a v. who consumes dairy products, eggs, and fish, but does not consume other animal flesh.
semi-v. a v. who consumes dairy products, eggs, chicken, and fish, but does not consume other animal flesh.



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vegetarianism vegetarianism (vej-e-tar´e-an-izm)
The practice as to diet of a vegetarian.



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vegetation vegetation (vej-e-ta´shun)
1. The process of growth in plants. 2. A condition of sluggishness, comparable to the inactivity of plant life. 3. A growth or excrescence of any sort. 4. Specifically, a clot, composed largely of fused blood platelets, fibrin, and sometimes microorganisms, adherent to a diseased heart orifice or valve, and often initiated by infection of the structures involved. [Mod. L. vegetatio, growth]
bacterial v.'s lesions of bacterial endocarditis that form anywhere on the endocardium but preferentially on higher pressure and injured areas and particularly valves. They may also appear on arterial intima and in a patent ductus arteriosus and other areas of shunt inside and outside the heart.
verrucous v.'s wart-like v.'s sometimes due to endocarditis, also related to degenerative changes on the valves and amyloidosis.



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vegetative vegetative (vej´e-ta-tiv)
1. Growing or functioning involuntarily or unconsciously, after the assumed manner of vegetable life; denoting especially a state of grossly impaired consciousness, as after severe head trauma or brain disease, in which an individual is incapable of voluntary or purposeful acts and only responds reflexively to painful stimuli. 2. Resting; not active; denoting the stage of a cell or its nucleus in which the process of karyokinesis is quiescent. [see vegetation]



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vegetoanimal vegetoanimal (vej´e-to-an´i-mal)
Relating to both plants and animals.



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vehicle vehicle (ve´hi-kl)
1. An excipient or a menstruum; a substance, usually without therapeutic action, used as a medium to give bulk for the administration of medicines. 2. An inanimate substance (e.g., food, milk, dust, clothing, instrument) by which or upon which an infectious agent passes from an infected to a susceptible host; v.'s consequently act as important sources of infection. [L. vehiculum, a conveyance, fr. veho, to carry]



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veil veil (val)
1. velum (1) 2. caul (1) [L. velum]
aqueduct v. a membrane obstructing the sylvian aqueduct, causing a noncommunicating hydrocephalus.
Jackson's v. Jackson's membrane
Sattler's v. a diffuse edema of the corneal epithelium that may develop after wearing contact lenses.



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Veillonella Veillonella (va´yo-nel´a)
A genus of nonmotile, nonsporeforming, anaerobic bacteria (family Veillonellaceae) containing small (0.3 to 0.5 mum in diameter), Gram-negative cocci which occur as diplococci and in masses. Carbon dioxide is required for growth, and carbohydrates are not fermented. These organisms are parasitic in the mouth and the intestinal and respiratory tracts of humans and other animals. They produce serologically specific endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) which induce pyrogenicity and the Schwarzman phenomenon in rabbits. The type species is V. parvula. [Adrien Veillon, French bacteriologist, 1864-1931]
V. alcales´cens subsp. alcales´cens a subspecies found primarily in the mouth of humans but occasionally in the buccal cavity of rabbits and rats; it is the type subspecies of the species V. alcalescens.
V. alcales´cens subsp. cri´ceti a subspecies found in the mouth of hamsters.
V. alcales´cens subsp. dis´par a subspecies found in the mouth and respiratory tract of humans.
V. alcales´cens subsp. rat´ti a subspecies found in the mouth and intestinal contents of rats.
V. alcales´ens a species found in the saliva of humans and other animals.
V. atypica V. parvula subsp. atypica
V. par´vula a species found normally as a harmless parasite in the natural cavities, especially the mouth and digestive tract, of humans and other animals; it is the types species of the genus V.
V. par´vula subsp. atyp´ica a subspecies found in the buccal cavity of rats and humans.V. atypica;
V. par´vula subsp. par´vula a subspecies found in the mouth or the intestinal or respiratory tract of humans; it is the type subspecies of the species V. parvula.
V. par´vula subsp. roden´tium a subspecies found in the buccal cavity and intestinal tract of hamsters, rats, and rabbits.V. rodentium;
V. rodentium V. parvula subsp. rodentium



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Veillonellaceae Veillonellaceae (va´yo-ne-la´se-e)
A family of nonmotile, nonsporeforming, anaerobic bacteria (order Eubacteriales) containing Gram-negative (with a tendency to resist decolorization) cocci which vary in diameter from small (0.3 to 0.5 mum) to large (2.5 mum). Characteristically, they occur in pairs; single cells, masses, or chains may also occur, but the chains may show gaps illustrating the basic diplococcal arrangement. These organisms are chemoorganotrophic; they may or may not ferment carbohydrates. They are parasites of homothermic animals such as humans, ruminants, rodents, and pigs, and are primarily found in the alimentary tract. The type genus is Veillonella.



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vein vein (van)
A blood vessel carrying blood toward the heart; all the veins except the pulmonary carry dark or oxygenated blood.vena [NA]; [L. vena]
accessory cephalic v. a variable v. that passes along the radial border of the forearm to join the cephalic v. near the elbow.vena cephalica accessoria [NA];
accessory hemiazygos v. formed by the union of the fourth to seventh left posterior intercostal v.'s, passes along the side of the bodies of the fifth, sixth, and seventh thoracic vertebrae, then crosses the midline behind the aorta, esophagus, and thoracic duct, and empties into the azygos v., sometimes in common with the hemiazygos v.vena hemiazygos accessoria [NA], vena azygos minor superior;
accessory saphenous v. an occasional v. running in the thigh parallel to the great saphenous v. which it joins just before the latter empties into the femoral v.vena saphena accessoria [NA];
accessory vertebral v. a v. that accompanies the vertebral v. but passes through the foramen of the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra and opens independently into the brachiocephalic v.vena vertebralis accessoria [NA];
accompanying v. vena comitans
accompanying v. of hypoglossal nerve vena comitans nervi hypoglossi
anastomotic v.'s See inferior anastomotic v., superior anastomotic v.
angular v. a short v. at the medial angle of the eye, formed by the supraorbital and supratrochlear v.'s and continuing as the facial v.vena angularis [NA];
anonymous v.'s obsolete term for brachiocephalic v.'s.
anterior auricular v. one of several v.'s draining the auricle and acoustic meatus and emptying into the retromandibular v.vena auricularis anterior [NA], vena preauricularis;
anterior cardiac v.'s two or three small v.'s in the anterior wall of the right ventricle opening directly into the right atrium independently of the coronary sinus.venae cordis anteriores [NA];
anterior cardinal v.'s See cardinal v.'s.
anterior cerebral v. a small v. that parallels the anterior cerebral artery and drains into the basal v.vena cerebri anterior [NA];
anterior facial v. facial v
anterior intercostal v.'s tributaries to the musculophrenic or internal thoracic v.'s from the anterior portions of intercostal spaces.venae intercostales anteriores [NA];
anterior jugular v. it arises below the chin from v.'s draining the lower lip and mental region, descends the anterior portion of the neck superficially, and terminates in the external jugular v. at the lateral border of the scalenus anterior muscle.vena jugularis anterior [NA];
anterior labial v.'s tributaries of the femoral or external pudendal v.'s draining the mons pubis and anterior labia majora.venae labiales anteriores [NA];
anterior pontomesencephalic v. vena pontomesencephalica anterior
anterior scrotal v.'s tributaries of the femoral or exteranl pudendal v.'s drainign the anterior aspect of the scrotum and the skin and dartos fascia of the shaft and base of the penis.venae scrotales anteriores [NA];
anterior v. of septum pellucidum v. draining the anterior part of the transparent septum; it empties into the superior thalamostriate v.vena septi pellucidi anterior [NA];
anterior tibial v.'s the venae comitantes of the anterior tibial artery which empty into the popliteal v.venae tibiales anteriores [NA];
anterior vertebral v. the small v. that accompanies the ascending cervical artery; it opens below into the vertebral v.vena vertebralis anterior [NA];
appendicular v. the tributary of the ileocolic v. that accompanies the appendicular artery.vena appendicularis [NA];
aqueous v. a tributary of the anterior ciliary v. which receives aqueous humor from the sinus venosus sclerae.
arciform v.'s of kidney arcuate v.'s of kidney
arcuate v.'s of kidney v.'s that parallel the arcuate arteries, receive blood from interlobular v.'s and straight venules, and terminate in interlobar v.'s.venae arcuatae renis [NA], arciform v.'s of kidney;
arterial v. so called because it ramifies like an artery (portal v.) or because, while proceeding from the heart like an artery, it contains unoxygenated blood, like a v. (pulmonary artery).vena arteriosa;
ascending lumbar v. paired, vertical v. of the posterior abdominal wall, adjacent and parallel to the vertebral column, posterior to the origin of the psoas major muscle; it connects the common iliac, iliolumbar, and lumbar v.'s in the paravertebral line, the right v. joining the right subcostal v. to form the azygos v., the left v. uniting with the left subcostal v. to form the hemiazygos v.vena lumbalis ascendens [NA];
auricular v.'s See anterior auricular v., posterior auricular v.
axillary v. a continuation of the basilic and brachial v.'s running from the lower border of the teres major muscle to the outer border of the first rib where it becomes the subclavian v.vena axillaris [NA];
azygos v. arises from the merger of the right ascending lumbar v. with the right subcostal v. and often a communication with the inferior vena cava; ascends through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm or its right crus; it runs along the right side of the thoracic vertebral bodies in the posterior mediastinum, and terminates by arching anteriorly over the root of the right lung to enter the posterior aspect of the superior vena cava.vena azygos [NA], azygos (2), vena azygos major;
basal v.'s See basal v. of Rosenthal, common basal v., inferior basal v., superior basal v.
basal v. of Rosenthal a large v. passing caudally and dorsally along the medial surface of the temporal lobe from which it receives tributaries; it empties into the great cerebral v. (of Galen) from the lateral side.vena basalis [NA], Rosenthal's v;
basilic v. arises from the ulnar side of the dorsal venous network of the hand; it curves around the medial side of the forearm, communicates with the cephalic v. via the median cubital v., and passes up the medial side of the arm to join the axillary v.vena basilica [NA];
basivertebral v. one of a number of v.'s in the spongy substance of the bodies of the vertebrae, emptying into the anterior internal vertebral venous plexus.vena basivertebralis [NA];
Baumgarten's v.'s nonobliterated remnants of the vena umbilicalis.
Boyd communicating perforation v.'s a v. connecting the superficial and deep venous system in the anteromedial calf.
brachial v.'s venae comitantes of the brachial artery which empty into the axillary v.venae brachiales [NA];
brachiocephalic v.'s formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian v.'s; other tributaries of the right brachiocephalic v. are the right vertebral and internal thoracic v.'s, and the right lymphatic duct; other tributaries of the left brachiocephalic v. are the left vertebral, internal thoracic, superior intercostal, thyroidea ima, and various anterior pericardial, bronchial, mediastinal v.'s, and the thoracic duct.venae brachiocephalicae [NA];
Breschet's v. diploic v
bronchial v.'s many v.'s running in front of and behind the bronchi and uniting into two main trunks which empty on the right side into the azygos v., on the left into the accessory hemiazygos or the left superior intercostal v.venae bronchiales [NA];
Browning's v. inferior anastomotic v
v. of bulb of penis a tributary of the internal pudendal v. that drains the bulb of the penis.vena bulbi penis [NA];
Burow's v. 1. an occasional v. passing from the inferior epigastric, sometimes receiving a tributary from the urinary bladder, which empties into the portal v.; 2. one of the renal v.'s.
capillary v. venule
cardiac v.'s See anterior cardiac v.'s, great cardiac v., middle cardiac v., venae cordis minimae, under vena.
cardinal v.'s the major systemic venous channels in adult primitive vertebrates and in the embryos of higher vertebrates; the anterior cardinal v.'s are the major drainage channels from the cephalic part of the body, and the posterior cardinal v.'s , from the caudal part; the common cardinal v.'s , formed by the anastomosis of the anterior and posterior cardinal v.'s, are the main systemic return channels to the heart; in the older literature, sometimes called Cuvier's ducts.
v.'s of caudate nucleus venae nuclei caudati, under vena
cavernous v.'s of penis the cavernous venous spaces in the erectile tissue of the penis.venae cavernosae penis [NA];
central v.'s of liver the terminal branches of the hepatic v.'s that lie centrally in the hepatic lobules and receive blood from the liver sinusoids.venae centrales hepatis [NA], Krukenberg's v.'s;
central v. of retina formed by union of the retinal v.'s and accompanies the artery of the same name in the optic nerve.vena centralis retinae [NA];
central v. of suprarenal gland the single draining v. of the gland; it receives a number of medullary v.'s; on the right side it empties directly into the inferior vena cava and on the left into the left renal v.vena centralis glandulae suprarenalis [NA];
cephalic v. arises at the radial border of the dorsal venous rete of the hand, passes upward in front of the elbow and along the lateral side of the arm; it empties into the upper part of the axillary v.vena cephalica [NA];
cerebellar v.'s the v.'s draining the cerebellum. See inferior v.'s of cerebellar hemisphere, superior v.'s of cerebellar hemisphere, petrosal v., precentral cerebellar v., inferior v. of vermis, superior v. of vermis.venae cerebelli [NA], v.'s of cerebellum;
v.'s of cerebellum cerebellar v.'s
cerebral v.'s See anterior cerebral v., deep middle cerebral v., great cerebral v., superficial middle cerebral v.
cervical v. See deep cervical v.
choroid v. See inferior choroid v., superior choroid v.
choroid v.'s of eye vortex v.'s
ciliary v.'s several small v.'s, anterior and posterior, coming from the ciliary body.venae ciliares [NA];
circumflex v.'s See deep circumflex iliac v., superficial circumflex iliac v., lateral circumflex femoral v.'s, medial circumflex femoral v.'s.
v. of cochlear aqueduct v. of cochlear canaliculus
v. of cochlear canaliculus it drains the cochlea, sacculus, and part of the utricules, and empties into the superior bulb of the jugular v. by accompanying the perilymphatic duct through the cochlear canaliculus.vena aqueductus cochleae [NA], v. of cochlear aqueduct, vena canaliculi cochleae;
Cockett communicating perforating v.'s mid-thigh perforation v.'s that connect the deep and superficial venous systems.
colic v.'s See right colic v., middle colic v., left colic v.
common basal v. the tributary to the inferior pulmonary v. (right and left) that receives blood from the superior and inferior basal v.'s.vena basalis communis [NA];
common cardinal v.'s See cardinal v.'s.
common facial v. a short vessel formed by the union of the facial v. and the retromandibular v., emptying into the jugular v.; considered to be a continuation of the facial v. in the NA.vena facialis communis;
common iliac v. formed by the union of the external and internal iliac v.'s at the brim of the pelvis and passes upward behind the internal iliac artery to the right side of the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra where it unites with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava; the left common iliac v. is submitted to a pulsating compression by the right common iliac artery against the vertebral column which may result in partial obstruction of the v.vena iliaca communis [NA];
companion v. vena comitans
companion v.'s venae comitantes, under vena
condylar emissary v. a v. that connects the sigmoid sinus and the external vertebral venous plexuses through the condylar canal of the occipital bone.vena emissaria condylaris [NA], emissarium condyloideum;
conjunctival v.'s the v.'s of the conjunctiva which drain primarily to the ophthalmic v.'s.venae conjunctivales [NA];
coronary v. left gastric v
v. of corpus striatum superior thalamostriate v
costoaxillary v. one of a number of anastomotic v.'s connecting the intercostal v.'s of the first to seventh intercostal spaces with the lateral thoracic or the thoracoepigastric v.
cutaneous v. superficial v
Cuvier's v.'s the common cardinal v.'s of the embryo. See cardinal v.'s.
cystic v. v.'s, usually anterior and posterior, which drain the neck of the gallbladder and cystic duct, along which they pass to enter the right branch of the portal v.; they communicate extensively with surrounding v.'s of the stomach, duodenum and pancreas.vena cystica [NA];
deep cerebral v.'s the numerous v.'s draining the deep structures of the cerebral hemispheres; they empty into the tributaries of the great cerebral v.venae cerebri profundae [NA];
deep cervical v. large v. running with the artery of the same name between the semispinalis capitis and semispinalis cervicis draining the deep muscles at the back of the neck and emptying into the brachiocephalic or the vertebral v.vena cervicalis profunda [NA];
deep circumflex iliac v. corresponds to the artery of the same name, and empties, near or in a common trunk with the inferior epigastric v., into the external iliac v.vena circumflexa iliaca profunda [NA];
deep v.'s of clitoris the v.'s that pass from the dorsum of the clitoris to join the vesical plexus.venae profundae clitoridis [NA];
deep dorsal v. of clitoris a tributary of the vesical venous plexus; it runs a course deep to the fascia on the dorsum of the clitoris.vena dorsalis clitoridis profunda [NA];
deep dorsal v. of penis a vein on the dorsum of the penis deep to the fascia of the penis; it is a tributary to the prostatic venous plexus.vena dorsalis penis profunda [NA];
deep epigastric v. inferior epigastric v
deep facial v. the communicating v. that passes from the pterygoid venous plexus of the infratemporal fossa to the facial v.; it is devoid of valves.vena faciei profunda [NA];
deep femoral v. the v. that accompanies the deep femoral artery, receiving perforating v.'s from the lateral and posterior aspects of the thigh. It joins the femoral v. in the femoral triangle, usually in common with the medial and lateral circumflex femoral v.'s.vena profunda femoris [NA];
deep lingual v. the principle v. of the tongue that accompanies the deep lingual artery and joins the lingual v. It drains the body and apex of the tongue, running posteriorly near the median plane; they are often visible through the mucosa on the underside of the tongue, to each side of the frenulum.vena profunda linguae [NA];
deep middle cerebral v. the v. that accompanies the middle cerebral artery in the depths of the lateral sulcus and empties into the basal v. of Rosenthal.vena cerebri media profunda [NA];
deep v. of penis the v. deep to the deep fascia on the dorsum of the penis. It enters the prostatic plexus by passing through a gap between the arcuate pubic ligament and the transverse perineal ligament.vena profunda penis [NA];
deep temporal v.'s v.'s corresponding to the arteries of the same name; they empty into the pterygoid venous plexus.venae temporales profundae [NA];
digital v.'s See dorsal digital v.'s of foot, palmar digital v.'s, plantar digital v.'s.
diploic v. one of the v.'s in the diploë of the cranial bones, connected with the cerebral sinuses by emissary v.'s; the main diploic v.'s are the frontal, anterior temporal, posterior temporal, and occipital.vena diploica [NA], Breschet's v., Dupuytren's canal;
dorsal callosal v. vena corporis callosi dorsalis
dorsal v.'s of clitoris See deep dorsal v. of clitoris, superficial dorsal v.'s of clitoris.
dorsal v. of corpus callosum vena corporis callosi dorsalis
dorsal digital v.'s of foot they receive intercapitular v.'s from the plantar venous arch, join to form four common dorsal digital v.'s, and terminate in the dorsal venous arch.venae digitales dorsales pedis [NA], dorsal digital v.'s of toes;
dorsal digital v.'s of toes dorsal digital v.'s of foot
dorsal lingual v. multiple tributaries of the lingual v. draining the dorsum of the tongue, becoming increasingly larger toward the root of the tongue.venae dorsales linguae [NA];
dorsal metacarpal v.'s three v.'s on the dorsum of the hand draining blood from the four medial digits into the dorsal venous network of the hand.venae metacarpeae dorsales [NA];
dorsal metatarsal v.'s v.'s arising from the dorsal digital v.'s forming the dorsal venous arch of the foot.venae metatarseae dorsales [NA];
dorsal v.'s of penis See deep dorsal v. of penis, superficial dorsal v.'s of penis.
dorsal scapular v. the vena comitans of the descending scapular artery; it is a tributary to the subclavian or the external jugular v.vena scapularis dorsalis [NA];
dorsispinal v.'s v.'s forming a plexus around the neural arches and processes of the vertebrae.
emissary v. one of the channels of communication between the venous sinuses of the dura mater and the v.'s of the diploë and the scalp. See also condylar emissary v., mastoid emissary v., occipital emissary v., parietal emissary v.vena emissaria [NA], emissarium, emissary (2);
epigastric v.'s See inferior epigastric v., superficial epigastric v., superior epigastric v.'s.
episcleral v.'s a series of small venules in the sclera close to the corneal margin that empty into the anterior ciliary v.'s.venae episclerales [NA];
esophageal v.'s series of v.'s draining the submucous venous plexus of the esophagus; proceding inferiorly from the cervical portion of the esophagus, they drain to the inferior thyroid v., the superior intercostal v.'s, the azygos, accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos v.'s, all of which are ultimately tributaries of the superior vena cava; the most inferior esophageal v.'s, from the cardiac portion of the esophagus, drain via the esophageal branches of the left gastric v., a tributary of the portal v. Thus, the submucosal v.'s of the inferior esophagus form a portocaval anastomoses, and are subject to the formation of varicosities in portal hypertension.venae esophageae [NA];
ethmoidal v.'s v.'s that accompany the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries and pass into the superior ophthalmic v.; they drain the ethmoidal sinuses.venae ethmoidales [NA];
external iliac v. a direct continuation of the femoral v. superior to the inguinal ligament, uniting with the internal iliac v. to form the common iliac v.vena iliaca externa [NA];
external jugular v. superficial v. formed inferior to the parotid gland by the junction of the posterior auricular v. and the retromandibular v., and passes down the side of the neck crossing to the sternocleidomastoid muscle vertically to empty into the subclavian v.vena jugularis externa [NA];
external nasal v.'s several vessels that drain the external nose, emptying into the angular or facial v.venae nasales externae [NA];
external pudendal v.'s these correspond to the arteries of the same name; they empty into the great saphenous v. or directly into the femoral v., and receive the superficial dorsal v. of the penis (clitoris) and the anterior scrotal (or labial) v.'s.venae pudendae externae [NA];
v.'s of eyelids palpebral v.'s
facial v. a continuation of the angular v. at the medial angle of the eye; it passes diagonally downward and outward, uniting with the retromandibular v. below the border of the lower jaw before emptying into the internal jugular v.anterior facial v., vena facialis anterior, vena facialis;
femoral v. a continuation of the popliteal v., it accompanies the femoral artery through the adductor canal and into the femoral triangle where it lies with in the femoral sheath; it becomes the external iliac v. as it passes deep to inguinal ligament.vena femoralis [NA];
fibular v.'s peroneal v.'s
frontal v.'s 1. the superficial v.'s draining the frontal cortex and emptying into the superior sagittal sinus; 2. supratrochlear v.'s
v.'s of Galen 1. internal cerebral v.'s 2. See great cerebral v. See great cerebral v.
gastric v.'s See short gastric v.'s, right gastric v., left gastric v.
gastroepiploic v.'s See right gastroepiploic v., left gastroepiploic v.
gluteal v.'s See inferior gluteal v.'s, superior gluteal v.'s.
great cardiac v. begins at the apex of the heart (where it anastomoses with the middle cardiac v.), runs first with the anterior interventricular artery as it ascends the anterior interventricular groove, then turns to the left as it approaches or reaches the coronary groove to run with the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery; it merges with the oblique v. of the left atrium to form the coronary sinus.vena cordis magna [NA], left coronary v., vena cardiaca magna;
great cerebral v. great cerebral v. of Galen
great cerebral v. of Galen a large, unpaired v. formed by the junction of the two internal cerebral v.'s in the caudal part of the tela choroidea of the third ventricle; it passes caudally between the splenium of the corpus callosum and the pineal gland, curving dorsally to merge with the inferior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus.vena cerebri magna [NA], great cerebral v., great v. of Galen;
great v. of Galen great cerebral v. of Galen
great saphenous v. formed by the union of the dorsal v. of the great toe and the dorsal venous arch of the foot, ascends in front of the medial malleolus, behind the medial condyle of the femur, and traverses the saphenois hiatus in the fascia lata to empty into the femoral v. in the upper part of the femoral triangle.vena saphena magna [NA], large saphenous v., long saphenous v;
hemiazygos v. formed by the merger of the left ascending lumbar v. with the left subcostal v. or a communication fromthe inferior vena cava, it pierces the left crus of the diaphragm, ascends along the left side of the bodies of the lower thoracic vertebrae, opposite the eighth vertebra, crosses the midline behind the aorta, thoracic duct, and esophagus, and empties into the azygos v., sometimes in common with the accessory hemiazygos v.vena hemiazygos [NA], vena azygos minor inferior;
hemorrhoidal v.'s obsolete term for rectal v.'s. See inferior rectal v.'s, middle rectal v.'s, superior rectal v.
hepatic v.'s the v.'s that drain the liver; they collect blood from the central v.'s and terminate in three large v.'s opening into the inferior vena cava below the diaphragm and several small inconstant v.'s entering the vena cava at more inferior levels.venae hepaticae [NA];
hepatic portal v. portal v
highest intercostal v. the v. draining the first intercostal space into either the vertebral or the brachiocephalic v.vena intercostalis suprema [NA], supreme intercostal v;
hypogastric v. obsolete term for internal iliac v.
ileal v.'s See jejunal and ileal v.'s.
ileocolic v. a large tributary of the superior mesenteric v. that runs parallel to the ileocolic artery and drains the terminal ileum, appendix, cecum, and the lower part of the ascending colon.vena ileocolica [NA];
iliac v.'s See common iliac v., external iliac v., internal iliac v., deep circumflex iliac v., superficial circumflex iliac v.
iliolumbar v. accompanying the artery of the same name, anastomosing with the lumbar and deep circumflex iliac v.'s, and emptying into the internal iliac v.vena iliolumbalis [NA];
inferior anastomotic v. an inconstant v. that passes from the superficial middle cerebral v. posteriorly over the lateral aspect of the temporal lobe to enter the transverse sinus.vena anastomotica inferior [NA], Browning's v., Labbé's v;
inferior basal v. tributary to the common basal v. draining the medial and posterior part of the inferior lobe in each lung.vena basalis inferior [NA];
inferior cardiac v. middle cardiac v
inferior v.'s of cerebellar hemisphere several v.'s draining the inferior portion of the cerebellar hemispheres; they terminate in the petrosal v.venae hemispherii cerebelli inferiores [NA];
inferior cerebral v.'s numerous cerebral v.'s that drain the undersurface of the cerebral hemispheres and empty into the cavernous and transverse sinuses.venae cerebri inferiores [NA];
inferior choroid v. a small v. draining the lower part of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle into the basal v.vena choroidea inferior [NA];
inferior epigastric v. corresponds to the artery of the same name and empties into the external iliac v. just proximal to the inguinal ligament.vena epigastrica inferior [NA], deep epigastric v;
v.'s of inferior eyelid inferior palpebral v.'s
inferior gluteal v.'s the venae comitantes of the inferior gluteal artery uniting at the sciatic foramen to form a common trunk which empties into the internal iliac v.venae gluteae inferiores [NA];
inferior hemorrhoidal v.'s obsolete term for inferior rectal v.'s.
inferior labial v. a tributary of the facial v. draining the lower lip.vena labialis inferior [NA];
inferior laryngeal v. the v. passing from the lower part of the larynx to the plexus thyroideus impar.vena laryngea inferior [NA];
inferior mesenteric v. a continuation of the superior rectal v. at the brim of the pelvis, ascending to the left of the aorta behind the peritoneum and emptying into the splenic v. or into the superior mesenteric v. or rarely in the angle between these v.'s.vena mesenterica inferior [NA];
inferior ophthalmic v. arises from the inferior palpebral and lacrimal v.'s and divides into two terminal branches, one of which runs to the pterygoid plexus while the other joins the superior ophthalmic v. or empties into the cavernous sinus.vena ophthalmica inferior [NA];
inferior palpebral v.'s v.'s of inferior eyelid; v.'s originatin gin the inferior eyelid and emptying into the angular v.venae palpebrales inferiores [NA], v.'s of inferior eyelid;
inferior phrenic v. the v. that drains the substance of the diaphragm and empties on the right side into the inferior vena cava, on the left side into the left suprarenal v.; often a second v. on the left side passes transversely across the diaphragm anterior to the esophageal hiatus to enter the inferior vena cava.vena phrenica inferior [NA];
inferior rectal v.'s v.'s that pass to the internal pudendal v. from the inferior rectal venous plexus around the anal canal.venae rectales inferiores [NA];
inferior thalamostriate v.'s v.'s draining the thalamus and striate body exiting the anterior perforated substance; tributary to the basal v.venae thalamostriatae inferiores [NA], striate v.'s, venae striatae;
inferior thyroid v. unpaired v. formed by v.'s from the isthmus and lateral lobe of the thyroid gland and from the plexus thyroideus impar; it terminates in the left brachiocephalic v.vena thyroidea inferior [NA], vena thyroidea ima;
inferior ventricular v. vena ventricularis inferior
inferior v. of vermis a v. draining part of the inferior part of the cerebellum; it courses on the inferior surface of the vermis and terminates in the straight sinus.vena vermis inferior [NA];
infrasegmental v.'s pars intersegmentalis [NA]; See intersegmental v.'s.
innominate v.'s obsolete term for brachiocephalic v.'s.
innominate cardiac v.'s the small superficial v.'s of the heart.Vieussens' v.'s;
insular v.'s venae insulares, under vena
intercapitular v.'s the v.'s connecting the dorsal and palmar v.'s in the hand, or the dorsal and plantar v.'s in the foot.venae intercapitales [NA];
intercostal v.'s See anterior intercostal v.'s, posterior intercostal v.'s, highest intercostal v., left superior intercostal v.
interlobar v.'s of kidney the v.'s in the kidney that parallel the interlobar arteries, receiving blood from arcuate v.'s, and terminate in the renal v.venae interlobares renis [NA];
interlobular v.'s of kidney they parallel the interlobular arteries and drain the peritubular capillary plexus, emptying into the arcuate v.'s.venae interlobulares renis [NA];
interlobular v.'s of liver the terminal branches of the portal v. that course in the portal canals between the conceptual liver lobules and empty into the liver sinusoids.venae interlobulares hepatis [NA];
intermediate antebrachial v. median antebrachial v
intermediate basilic v. the medial branch of the median antebrachial v. which joins the basilic v.vena intermedia basilica [NA], median basilic v., vena mediana basilica;
intermediate cephalic v. the lateral branch of the median antebrachial v. that joins the cephalic v. near the elbow.vena intermedia cephalica [NA], median cephalic v., vena mediana cephalica;
intermediate cubital v. median cubital v
intermediate v. of forearm median antebrachial v
internal auditory v.'s labyrinthine v.'s
internal cerebral v.'s paired v.'s passing caudally near the midline in the tela choroidea of the third ventricle, formed by the union of the choroid v., thalamostriate (terminal) v., and v. of septum pellucidum, and uniting caudally so as to form the great cerebral v.venae cerebri internae [NA], v.'s of Galen (1);
internal iliac v. runs from the upper border of the greater sciatic notch to the brim of the pelvis where it joins the external iliac v. to form the common iliac v.; it drains most of the territory supplied by the internal iliac artery.vena iliaca interna [NA];
internal jugular v. main venouus structure of the neck, formed as a continuation of the sigmoid sinus of the dura mater, contained within the carotid sheath as it descends the neck uniting, behind the sternoclavicular joint, with the subclavian v. to form the brachiocephalic v.vena jugularis interna [NA];
internal pudendal v. a tributary of the internal iliac v. that accompanies the internal pudendal artery as a single or double vessel. It drains the perineum.vena pudenda interna [NA];
internal thoracic v. venae comitantes of each artery of the same name, fusing into one at the upper part of the thorax and emptying into the brachiocephalic v. of the same side; receive drainage of anterior chest wall.vena thoracica interna [NA];
intersegmental v.'s a v. receiving blood from adjacent bronchopulmonary segments; it emerges from the inferior margin of a segment to become a tributary of a branch of a pulmonary v.infrasegmental part, intersegmental part of pulmonary vein, pars infrasegmentalis;
intervertebral v. one of numerous v.'s accompanying the spinal nerves through the intervertebral foramina, draining spinal cord and vertebral venous plexuses, and emptying in the neck into the vertebral v., in the thorax into the intercostal v.'s, in the lumbar and sacral regions into the lumbar and sacral v.'s.vena intervertebralis [NA];
intrasegmental v.'s a v. emerging from the bronchopulmonary segment it drains; a tributary to a branch of a pulmonary v.pars intrasegmentalis [NA], intrasegmental part;
jejunal and ileal v.'s the v.'s that drain the jejunum and ileum; they terminate in the superior mesenteric v.venae jejunales et ilei [NA];
jugular v.'s See anterior jugular v., external jugular v., internal jugular v. See also posterior anterior jugular v.
key v. a deep-seated, dilated v. causing a "spider burst" on the surface.
v.'s of kidney the tributaries of the renal v. that drain the kidney; they parallel the arteries in the kidney and consist of interlobular, arcuate, and interlobar v.'s.venae renis [NA];
v.'s of knee the v.'s that accompany the genicular arteries; they drain blood from the structures around the knee, terminating in the popliteal v.venae genus [NA];
Krukenberg's v.'s central v.'s of liver
Labbé's v. inferior anastomotic v
labial v.'s See anterior labial v.'s, posterior labial v.'s, inferior labial v., superior labial v.
labyrinthine v.'s one or more v.'s accompanying the labyrinthine artery; they drain the internal ear, pass out through the internal acoustic meatus, and empty into the transverse sinus or the inferior petrosal sinus.venae labyrinthi [NA], internal auditory v.'s;
lacrimal v. small v. which it drains the lacrimal gland, passing posteriorly through the orbit with the lacrimal artery to empty into the superior ophthalmic v.vena lacrimalis [NA];
large v. a v., such as the inferior vena cava, characterized by having a reduced or absent tunica media and an adventitia with large bundles of longitudinally disposed smooth muscle.
large saphenous v. great saphenous v
laryngeal v.'s See inferior laryngeal v., superior laryngeal v.
Latarget's v. prepyloric v
lateral atrial v. vena atrii lateralis
lateral circumflex femoral v.'s the v.'s that accompany the lateral circumflex femoral artery, usually terminating in the femoral v.venae circumflexae femoris laterales [NA];
lateral direct v.'s venae directae laterales, under vena
lateral v. of lateral ventricle vena atrii lateralis
v. of lateral recess of fourth ventricle vena recessus lateralis ventriculi quarti
lateral sacral v.'s several v.'s that receive the drainage of the sacral venous plexus and sacral intervertebral v.'s then accompany the corresponding artery and empty into the internal iliac v. on each side.venae sacrales laterales [NA];
lateral thoracic v. a tributary of the axillary v. that drains the lateral thoracic wall and communicates with the thoracoepigastric and intercostal v.'s.vena thoracica lateralis [NA];
left colic v. a tributary of the inferior mesenteric v. that accompanies the left colic artery and drains the left flexure and descending colon.vena colica sinistra [NA];
left coronary v. great cardiac v
left gastric v. arises from a union of v.'s from both surfaces of the cardia of the stomach and an esophageal tributary from the cardiac portion of the esophagus; it runs in the lesser omentum and empties into the portal v. See also esophageal v.'s.vena gastrica sinistra [NA], coronary v., vena coronaria ventriculi;
left gastroepiploic v. the v. that accompanies the left gastroepiploic artery along the greater curvature of the stomach; it empties into the splenic v.vena gastro-omentalis sinistra [NA], left gastroomental v;
left gastroomental v. left gastroepiploic v
left hepatic v.'s v.'s draining the lateral segments [II & III] of the left lobe of the liver which join to form a single or paired trunk of variable size which usually (90% of the time) merges with that formed by the middle hepatic v.'s prior to entering the terminal portion of the superior vena cava.venae hepaticae sinistrae [NA];
left inferior pulmonary v. the v. returning oxygenated blood from the inferior lobe of the left lung to the left atrium.vena pulmonalis inferior sinistra [NA];
left ovarian v. begins as the pampiniform plexus at the hilum of the ovary and empties into the left renal v.vena ovarica sinistra [NA];
left superior intercostal v. the v. formed by the union of the left second, third, and fourth intercostal v.'s; it passes forward across the arch of the aorta to empty into the left brachiocephalic v. and frequently communicates also with the accessory hemiazygos v.vena intercostalis superior sinistra [NA];
left superior pulmonary v. the v. returning oxygenated blood from the left superior lobe of the lung to the left atrium.vena pulmonalis superior sinistra [NA];
left suprarenal v. the v. from the hilum of the left suprarenal gland that passes downward to open into the left renal v.; it usually is joined by the left inferior phrenic v.vena suprarenalis sinistra [NA];
left testicular v. v. conveying blood from the left testis, originating as the pampiniform plexus and entering the left renal v.vena testicularis sinistra [NA];
left umbilical v. the v. that returns the blood from the placenta to the fetus; traversing the umbilical cord, it enters the fetal body at the umbilicus and passes thence into the liver, where it is joined by the portal v.; its blood then flows by way of the ductus venosus and the inferior vena cava to the right atrium.vena umbilicalis sinistra [NA];
levoatrio-cardinal v. the communication of a systemic v. with the left atrium, other than a left superior vena cava or coronary sinus; may be the right superior vena cava.
lingual v. receives blood from the tongue, sublingual and submandibular glands, and muscles of the floor of the mouth; empties into the internal jugular or the facial v.vena lingualis [NA];
long saphenous v. great saphenous v
long thoracic v. incorrect term for lateral thoracic v.
lumbar v.'s five in number, these v.'s accompany the lumbar arteries, drain the posterior body wall and the lumbar vertebral venous plexuses, and terminate anteriorly as follows: the first and second in the ascending lumbar v., the third and fourth in the inferior vena cava, and the fifth in the iliolumbar v.; all communicate via the ascending lumbar v.'s.venae lumbales [NA];
Marshall's oblique v. oblique v. of left atrium
masseteric v.'s plexiform v.'s accompanying the masseteric artery that empty into the pterygoid venous plexus.
mastoid emissary v. the vein that connects the sigmoid sinus with the occipital vein or one of the tributaries of the external jugular vein by way of the mastoid foramen.vena emissaria mastoidea [NA], emissarium mastoideum;
maxillary v. the posterior continuation of the pterygoid plexus; it joins the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein.vena maxillaris [NA];
Mayo's v. prepyloric v
medial atrial v. vena atrii medialis
medial circumflex femoral v.'s the venae comitantes that parallel the medial circumflex femoral artery.venae circumflexae femoris mediales [NA];
medial v. of lateral ventricle vena atrii medialis
median antebrachial v. it begins at the base of the dorsum of the thumb, curves around the radial side, ascends the middle of the forearm, and just below the bend of the elbow divides into the intermediate basilic and intermediate cephalic v.'s; sometimes it divides lower down, one branch going to the basilic v., the other to the intermediate v. of the elbow.vena intermedia antebrachii [NA], intermediate antebrachial v., intermediate v. of forearm, median v. of forearm, vena mediana antebrachii;
median basilic v. intermediate basilic v
median cephalic v. intermediate cephalic v
median cubital v. a v. which passes across the anterior aspect of the elbow from the cephalic v. to the basilic v.; commonly this v. is replaced by intermediate basilic and intermediate cephalic v.'s. The median cubital v. is often used for venipuncture.vena intermedia cubiti [NA], intermediate cubital v., vena mediana cubiti;
median v. of forearm median antebrachial v
median v. of neck a v. occasionally present due to fusion of the two anterior jugular v.'s.
median sacral v. an unpaired v. accompanying the middle sacral artery receiving blood from the sacral venous plexus and emptying into the left common iliac v.vena sacralis mediana [NA];
mediastinal v.'s several small v.'s from the mediastinum emptying into the brachiocephalic v.'s or the superior vena cava.venae mediastinales [NA];
medium v. a v. characterized by having a thinner wall and larger lumen than its corresponding artery, and a media with small bundles of circular muscle separated by considerable connective tissue; valves also occur.
v.'s of medulla oblongata venae medullae oblongatae, under vena
meningeal v.'s v.'s that accompany the meningeal arteries; they communicate with venous sinuses and diploic v.'s and drain into regional v.'s outside the cranial vault.venae meningeae [NA];
mesencephalic v.'s venae mesencephalicae, under vena
mesenteric v.'s See inferior mesenteric v., superior mesenteric v.
metacarpal v.'s See dorsal metacarpal v.'s, palmar metacarpal v.'s.
middle cardiac v. begins at the apex of the heart (where it anastomoses with the great cardiac v.), and ascends within the posterior interventricular sulcus to the coronary sinus.vena cordis media [NA], inferior cardiac v;
middle colic v. the tributary of the superior mesenteric v. that carries drainage of the transverse colon and accompanies the middle colic artery.vena colica media [NA];
middle hemorrhoidal v.'s obsolete term for middle rectal v.'s.
middle hepatic v.'s v.'s draining the central portion of the liver (the superior anterior segment [VIII] and the left side of the inferior anterior segment [V] of the right lobe and the medial segment [IV] of the left lobe) which join to form a trunk that merges with that of the left hepatic v.'s about 90% of the time prior to entering the left side of the inferior vena cava.venae hepaticae mediae [NA];
middle meningeal v.'s the venae comitantes of the middle meningeal artery that empty into the pterygoid plexus.venae meningeae mediae [NA];
middle rectal v.'s several v.'s that pass from the rectal venous plexus (in which they anastomose with the superior rectal v.'s) to the internal iliac v., which ultimately drains into the inferior vena cava. Since the superior rectal v.'s ultimately drain into the portal v., the middle retal v.'s participate in a portocaval anastomosis, and the rectal venous plexus is subject to varicosities during portal hypertension.venae rectales mediae [NA];
middle temporal v. it arises near the lateral angle of the eye and joins the superficial temporal v.'s to form the retromandibular v.vena temporalis media [NA];
middle thyroid v. it passes from the thyroid gland across the common carotid artery with the inferior thyroid arteries to empty into the internal jugular v.vena thyroidea media [NA];
musculophrenic v.'s the v.'s that accompany the musculophrenic artery and drain blood from the upper abdominal wall, and anterior portions of the lower intercostal spaces and the diaphragm.venae musculophrenicae [NA];
nasofrontal v. the v. located in the anterior medial part of the orbit that connects the superior ophthalmic v. with the angular v.vena nasofrontalis [NA];
oblique v. of left atrium a small v. on the posterior wall of the left atrium which merges with the great cardiac v. to form the coronary sinus; it is developed from the left common cardinal v., and occasionally persists as a left superior vena cava.vena obliqua atrii sinistri [NA], Marshall's oblique v;
obturator v. formed by the union of tributaries draining the hip joint and the obturator and adductor muscles of the thigh; it enters the pelvis by the obturator canal as venae comitantes of the obturator artery and empties into the internal iliac v.vena obturatoria [NA];
occipital v. drains the occipital region and empties into the internal jugular v. or the suboccipital plexus.vena occipitalis [NA];
occipital cerebral v.'s the superior cerebral v.'s draining the occipital cortex and emptying into the superior sagittal sinus and the transverse sinus.venae occipitales [NA];
occipital emissary v. an inconstant vessel perforating the squama of the occipital bone to connect the occipital v.'s with the confluens sinuum.vena emissaria occipitalis [NA], emissarium occipitale;
v. of olfactory gyrus vena gyri olfactorii
ophthalmic v.'s See inferior ophthalmic v., superior ophthalmic v.
ovarian v.'s See right ovarian v., left ovarian v.
palatine v. drains the palatine regions and empties into the facial v.vena palatina [NA];
palmar digital v.'s paired venae comitantes of the proper and common digital arteries that empty into the superficial palmar venous arch.venae digitales palmares [NA];
palmar metacarpal v.'s v.'s emptying into the deep venous arch from which the radial and ulnar v.'s arise.venae metacarpeae palmares [NA];
palpebral v.'s v.'s draining the superior eyelid posteriorly as tributaries of the superior ophthalmic v.venae palpebrales [NA], v.'s of eyelids;
pancreatic v.'s v.'s draining the pancreas, emptying into the splenic v. and the superior mesenteric v.venae pancreaticae [NA];
pancreaticoduodenal v.'s v.'s that accompany the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, emptying into the superior mesenteric or portal v.venae pancreaticoduodenales [NA];
paraumbilical v.'s several small v.'s arising from cutaneous v.'s about the umbilicus running along the round ligament of the liver, and terminating as accessory portal v.'s in the substance of this organ; they constitute a portocaval anastomosis and are subject to varicosity druign portal hypertension; varicose paraumbilical v.'s form the "caput medussae".venae paraumbilicales [NA], Sappey's v.'s;
parietal v.'s the superficial v.'s draining the parietal cerebral cortex and emptying into the superior sagittal sinus.venae parietales [NA];
parietal emissary v. the v. that connects the superior sagittal sinus with the tributaries of the superficial temporal v. and other v.'s of the scalp.vena emissaria parietalis [NA], emissarium parietale, Santorini's v;
parotid v.'s branches draining part of the parotid gland and emptying into the retromandibular v.venae parotidea [NA], posterior parotid v.'s;
pectoral v.'s v.'s draining the pectoral muscles and emptying directly into the subclavian v.venae pectorales [NA];
peduncular v.'s venae pedunculares, under vena
perforating v.'s the v.'s that accompany the perforating arteries from the profunda femoris artery; they drain blood from the vastus lateralis and hamstring muscles and terminate in the profunda femoris v.venae perforantes [NA];
pericardiacophrenic v.'s the v.'s accompanying the pericardiacophrenic artery and emptying into the brachiocephalic v.'s or superior vena cava.venae pericardiacophrenicae [NA];
pericardial v.'s several small v.'s from the pericardium emptying into the brachiocephalic v.'s or superior vena cava.venae pericardiacae [NA];
peroneal v.'s venae comsitantes of the peroneal artery; they join the posterior tibial v.'s to enter the popliteal v.venae peroneae [NA], venae fibulares [NA], fibular v.'s;
petrosal v. a short trunk formed by the union of four or five cerebellar and pontine v.'s opposite the middle cerebellar peduncle; it terminates in the superior petrosal sinus. See also superior petrosal sinus, inferior petrosal sinus.vena petrosa [NA];
pharyngeal v.'s several v.'s from the pharyngeal venous plexus emptying into the internal jugular v.venae pharyngeae [NA];
phrenic v.'s See inferior phrenic v., superior phrenic v.'s.
plantar digital v.'s drain the plantar and distal dorsal aspects (nail beds) of the toes and pass back to form four metatarsal v.'s that in turn empty into the plantar venous arch.venae digitales plantares [NA];
plantar metatarsal v.'s v.'s receiving the plantar digital v.'s and draining in turn into the deep plantar venous arch, which empties into the medial and lateral plantar v.'s.venae metatarseae plantares [NA];
v.'s of pons pontine v.'s
pontine v.'s several v.'s running transversely on the pons to join the petrosal v.venae pontis [NA], v.'s of pons;
popliteal v. formed at the lower border of the popliteus muscle by the union of the anterior and posterior tibial v.'s, ascends through the popliteal space where it receives the lesser saphenous v. and passes through the adductor hiatus, entering the adductor canal as the femoral v.vena poplitea [NA];
portal v. a wide short v. formed by the superior mesenteric and splenic v. posterior to the neck of the pancreas, ascending in front of the inferior vena cava, and dividing at the right end of the porta hepatis into right and left branches, which ramify within the liver.vena portae hepatis [NA], hepatic portal v., vena portalis;
posterior anterior jugular v. a variable tributary of the external jugular v. arising in the upper posterior part of the neck.
posterior auricular v. drains the region posterior to the ear then merges with the retromandibular v. to form the external jugular v.vena auricularis posterior [NA];
posterior cardinal v.'s See cardinal v.'s.
posterior facial v. retromandibular v
v. of posterior horn vena cornus posterioris
posterior intercostal v.'s v.'s draining the intercostal spaces posteriorly; those of the first 1-C space drain into the brachiocephalic v.'s; from spaces 2-3 they drain into right and left superior intercostal v.'s; from the fourth to the eleventh spaces on the right they are tributaries of the azygos v.; on the left they empty into either the hemiazygos or accessory hemiazygos v.'s.venae intercostales posteriores [NA];
posterior labial v.'s they pass posteriorly from the labia majora and minora to the internal pudendal v.'s.venae labiales posteriores [NA];
posterior v. of left ventricle arises on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart near the apex, runs to the left and parallel to the posterior interventricular sulcus, and empties in the coronary sinus.vena posterior ventriculi sinistri [NA];
posterior marginal v. vena corporis callosi dorsalis
posterior parotid v.'s parotid v.'s
posterior pericallosal v. vena corporis callosi dorsalis
posterior scrotal v.'s v.'s from the posteriro aspect of the scrotum to the internal pudendal v.'s.venae scrotales posteriores [NA];
posterior v. of septum pellucidum v. draining the posterior part of the transparent septum; it empties into the superior thalamostriate v.vena septi pellucidi posterior [NA];
posterior tibial v.'s venae comsitantes of the posterior tibial artery that join those of the anterior tibial artery to form the popliteal v.venae tibiales posteriores [NA;
precentral cerebellar v. an unpaired v. originating in the precentral cerebellar fissure passing anterior and superior to the culmen on its way to terminate in the great cerebral v.vena precentralis cerebelli [NA];
prefrontal v.'s venae prefrontales, under vena
prepyloric v. a tributary of the right gastric v. that passes anterior to the pylorus at its junction with the duodenum.vena prepylorica [NA], Latarget's v., Mayo's v;
v. of pterygoid canal a v. accompanying the nerve and artery through the pterygoid canal and emptying into the pharyngeal venous plexus.vena canalis pterygoidei [NA], vidian v;
pudendal v.'s See external pudendal v.'s, internal pudendal v.
pulmonary v.'s four v.'s, two on each side, conveying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. Those from the left lung and the inferior v. from the right lung are lobar v.'s, each draining a single lobe with the corresponding name; the right superior pulmonary v. drains both the superior and middle lobes of the right lung. See also left inferior pulmonary v., left superior pulmonary v., right inferior pulmonary v., right superior pulmonary v.venae pulmonales [NA];
pyloric v. right gastric v
radial v.'s venae comitantes of the raidal artery continuing from those of the radial aspect of the deep palmar arch, draining into the venae comitantes of the brachial artery in the cubital fossa.venae radiales [NA];
renal v.'s large v.'s formed at the renal hilus by the merger of the segmental v.'s anterior to the corresponding arteries; they open at right angles into the inferior vena cava at the level of the second lumbar vertebra. The left renal v. receives the left suprarenal v. and the left gonadal v., and passes through the angle between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery where it may be compressed.venae renales [NA];
retromandibular v. it is formed by the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary v.'s in front of the ear, runs posterior to the ramus of the mandible through the parotid gland, and unites with the posterior auricular v. to form the external jugular v.; it usually has a large communicating branch with the facial v.vena retromandibularis [NA], posterior facial v., temporomaxillary v., vena facialis posterior;
Retzius' v.'s portacaval anastomoses formed from v.'s in the walls of retroperitoneal viscera, such as the ascending and descending colon, passing to the tributaries of the inferior vena cava in the posterior body wall instead of those of the portal v.Ruysch's v.'s;
right colic v. the v. that parallels the right colic artery and drains blood from the ascending colon and right colic flexure.vena colica dextra [NA];
right gastric v. it receives v.'s from both surfaces of the upper portion of the stomach, runs to the right along the lesser curvature of the stomach, and empties into the portal v.vena gastrica dextra [NA], pyloric v;
right gastroepiploic v. a tributary of the superior mesenteric v. that parallels the right gastroepiploic artery along the greater curvature of the stomach.vena gastro-omentalis dextra [NA], right gastroomental v;
right gastroomental v. right gastroepiploic v
right hepatic v.'s v.'s draining much of the right lobe of the liver (posterior segments [VI & VII] and part of the inferior anterior segment [V]) which merge to form a single or sometimes double trunk, draining into the right side of the suprahepatic portion of the inferior vena cava (between the superior surface of the liver and the diaphragm); when single, it is the largest v. of the liver.venae hepaticae dextrae [NA];
right inferior pulmonary v. the v. returning oxygenated blood from the inferior lobe of the right lung to the left atrium.vena pulmonalis inferior dextra [NA];
right ovarian v. begins as the pampiniform plexus at the hilum of the ovary and opens into the inferior vena cava.vena ovarica dextra [NA];
right superior intercostal v. a tributary of the azygos v. formed by the union of the right second, third, and fourth posterior intercostal v.'s.vena intercostalis superior dextra [NA];
right superior pulmonary v. the v. returning oxygenated blood from the superior and middle lobes of the right lung to the left atrium.vena pulmonalis superior dextra [NA];
right suprarenal v. the short v. that passes from the hilum of the right suprarenal to the inferior vena cava.vena suprarenalis dextra [NA];
right testicular v. begins as the pampiniform plexus and ascends to joint the inferior vena cava.vena testicularis dextra [NA];
Rosenthal's v. basal v. of Rosenthal
Ruysch's v.'s Retzius' v.'s
sacral v.'s See lateral sacral v.'s, median sacral v.
Santorini's v. parietal emissary v
saphenous v.'s See accessory saphenous v., great saphenous v., small saphenous v.
Sappey's v.'s paraumbilical v.'s
scleral v.'s small v.'s draining the sclera; they are tributaries to the anterior ciliary v.'s.venae sclerales [NA];
scrotal v.'s See anterior scrotal v.'s, posterior scrotal v.'s.
v. of septum pellucidum See anterior v. of septum pellucidum, posterior v. of septum pellucidum.
short gastric v.'s small vessels that drain the fundus and left portion of the stomach wall and empty into the splenic v.venae gastricae breves [NA];
short saphenous v. small saphenous v
sigmoid v.'s the several tributaries of the inferior mesenteric v. that drain the sigmoid colon.venae sigmoideae [NA];
small v. a v. in which the three tunics are poorly defined and thin; longitudinal elastic networks occur and the smooth muscle of the media, which is circularly arranged, may be incomplete or in one or two layers.
small cardiac v. an inconstant vessel, accompanying the right coronary artery in the coronary sulcus, from the right margin of the right ventricle, and emptying into the coronary sinus or the middle cardiac v.vena cordis parva [NA];
smallest cardiac v.'s venae cordis minimae, under vena
small saphenous v. arises on the lateral side of the foot from a union of the dorsal v. of the little toe with the dorsal venous arch, ascends behind the lateral malleolus, along the lateral border of the calcanean tendon and then through the middle of the calf to the lower portion of the popliteal space where it empties into the popliteal v.vena saphena parva [NA], short saphenous v;
spermatic v. See right testicular v., left testicular v.
spinal v.'s the v.'s that drain the spinal cord; they form a plexus on the surface of the cord from which v.'s pass along the spinal roots to the internal vertebral venous plexus.venae spinales [NA];
spiral v. of modiolus the v. running a spiral course in the modiolus of the cochlea; it is tributary to both the labyrinthine v. and the v. of the cochlear canaliculus.vena spiralis modioli [NA];
splenic v. arises by the union of several small v.'s at the hilum on the anterior surface of the spleen with the short gastric and left gastroepiploic v.'s; passes backward through the splenorenal ligament to the left kidney, then runs behind the upper border of the pancreas to the neck of the pancreas where it joins the superior mesenteric v. to form the portal v.vena splenica [NA], vena lienalis;
stellate v.'s venulae stellatae, under venula
Stensen's v.'s vortex v.'s
sternocleidomastoid v. it arises in the sternocleidomastoid muscle and accompanies the sternocleidomastoid branch of the occipital artery; it drains into the internal jugular or superior thyroid v.vena sternocleidomastoidea [NA];
striate v.'s inferior thalamostriate v.'s
vein strip´per an instrument used to remove a vein by tying the vein at one end and pulling it, tearing its branches, and thus, stripping it out of the body.
stylomastoid v. it drains the tympanic cavity, traverses the facial canal exiting via the stylomastoid foramen, and empties into the retromandibular v.vena stylomastoidea [NA];
subclavian v. the direct continuation of the axillary v. at the lateral border of the first rib; it passes medially to join the internal jugular v. and form the brachiocephalic v. on each side.vena subclavia [NA];
subcutaneous v.'s of abdomen the network of superficial v.'s of the abdominal wall that empty into the thoracoepigastric, superficial epigastric, or superior epigastric v.'s and form portocaval anastomoses through their communications with the paraumbilical v.'s.venae subcutaneae abdominis [NA];
sublingual v. v. which accompanies the sublingual artery in the floor of the mouth, lateral to the hypoglossal nerve; it may join the deep lingual v. to form the lingual v., or join the vena comitans nerve hypoglossi.vena sublingualis [NA];
submental v. a v. situated below the chin, anastomosing with the sublingual v., connecting with the anterior jugular v., and emptying into the facial v.vena submentalis [NA];
superficial v. one of a number of v.'s that course in the subcutaneous tissue and empty into deep v.'s; they form prominent systems of vessels in the limbs and are usually not accompanied by arteries.vena cutanea [NA], cutaneous v;
superficial cerebral v.'s the v.'s on the superficial surface of the cerebral hemispheres; they comprise three groups: superior, middle, and inferior.venae cerebri superficiales [NA];
superficial circumflex iliac v. corresponding to the artery of the same name, emptying usually into the great saphenous v., or sometimes into the femoral v.vena circumflexa iliaca superficialis [NA];
superficial dorsal v.'s of clitoris a pair of v.'s on the dorsum of the clitoris, tributary to the external pudendal v. on either side.venae dorsales clitoridis superficiales [NA];
superficial dorsal v.'s of penis a pair of v.'s on the dorsum of the penis superficial to the fascia penis; they are tributaries of the external pudendal v.'s on each side.venae dorsales penis superficiales [NA];
superficial epigastric v. drains the lower and medial part of the anterior abdominal wall and empties into the great saphenous v.vena epigastrica superficialis [NA];
superficial middle cerebral v. a large v. passing along the line of the sylvian fissure to join the cavernous sinus; it communicates with the superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus via the superior and inferior anastomotic v.'s, respectively.vena cerebri media superficialis [NA];
superficial temporal v.'s v.'s that pass from the temporal region to join the maxillary v. to form the retromandibular v.venae temporales superficiales [NA];
superior anastomotic v. a large communicating v. between the superficial middle cerebral v. and the superior sagittal sinus; it passes upward from the lateral sulcus, often following the line of the central sulcus (Rolando's fissure).vena anastomotica superior [NA], Trolard's v;
superior basal v. tributary to the common basal v. draining the lateral and anterior part of the inferior lobe of each lung.vena basalis superior [NA];
superior v.'s of cerebellar hemisphere several v.'s draining the superior part of the cerebellar hemispheres; they terminate in the superior petrosal sinus or the petrosal v.venae hemispherii cerebelli superiores [NA];
superior cerebral v.'s numerous (8 to 10) v.'s that drain the dorsal convexity of the cortical hemisphere and empty into the superior sagittal sinus, curving rostrally in passing through the subdural space so as to enter the sinus at an acute forward angle.venae cerebri superiores [NA];
superior choroid v. a tortuous v. that follows the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle and unites with the superior thalamostriate v. and the anterior v. of the transparent septum to form the internal cerebral v.vena choroidea superior [NA];
superior epigastric v.'s the venae comitantes of the artery of the same name, tributaries of the internal thoracic v.venae epigastricae superiores [NA];
v.'s of superior eyelid superior palpebral v.'s
superior gluteal v.'s the v.'s that accompany the superior gluteal artery, entering the pelvis as two v.'s which unite into one and empty into the internal iliac v.venae gluteae superiores [NA];
superior hemorrhoidal v. outmoded term for superior rectal v.
superior intercostal v. See left superior intercostal v., right superior intercostal v.
superior labial v. v.'s taking blood from the upper lip and discharging into the facial v.vena labialis superior [NA];
superior laryngeal v. vein which accompanies the superior laryngeal artery and empties into the superior thyroid vein.vena laryngea superior [NA];
superior mesenteric v. begins at the ileum in the right iliac fossa, ascends in the root of the mesentery, and unites behind the pancreas with the splenic v. to form the hepatic portal v.vena mesenterica superior [NA];
superior ophthalmic v. begins anteriorly from the nasofrontal v., passes along the upper part of the medial wall of the orbit, passes through the superior orbital fissure, to empty into the cavernous sinus.vena ophthalmica superior [NA];
superior palpebral v.'s v.'s draining the superior eyelid anteriorly into the angular v.venae palpebrales superiores [NA], v.'s of superior eyelid;
superior phrenic v.'s small v.'s that drain the upper surface of the diaphragm; they are tributaries of the azygos and hemiazygos v.'s.venae phrenicae superiores [NA];
superior rectal v. it drains the greater part of the rectal venous plexus, and ascends between the layers of the mesorectum to the brim of the pelvis, where it becomes the inferior mesenteric v. As a tributary of the portal v., it forms a portocaval anastomosis with the middle and inferior rectal v.'s (caval tributaries) via the rectal venous plexus.vena rectalis superior [NA];
superior thalamostriate v. a long v. passing forward in the groove between the thalamus and caudate nucleus, covered by the lamina affixa, receiving the transverse caudate v.'s along its lateral side, and joining at the caudal wall of Monro's foramen with the choroidal v. and v. of septum pellucidum to form the internal cerebral v.vena terminalis [NA], vena thalamostriata superior [NA], terminal v., v. of corpus striatum;
superior thyroid v. receives blood from the upper part of the thyroid gland and larynx, accompanies the artery of the same name, and empties into the internal jugular v.vena thyroidea superior [NA];
superior v. of vermis a v. draining part of the superior part of the cerebellum; it runs on the superior surface of the vermis to terminate in the internal cerebral v.vena vermis superior [NA];
supraorbital v. drains the front of the scalp and unites with the supratrochlear v.'s to form the angular v.vena supraorbitalis [NA];
suprarenal v.'s See right suprarenal v., left suprarenal v.
suprascapular v. v. that accompanies the suprascapular artery and empties into the external jugular v.vena suprascapularis [NA], transverse v. of scapula, vena transversa scapulae;
supratrochlear v.'s several v.'s that drain the front part of the scalp and unite with the supraorbital v. to form the angular v.venae supratrochleares [NA], frontal v.'s (2), venae frontales (2), venae frontales (1);
supreme intercostal v. highest intercostal v
surface thalamic v.'s venae directae laterales, under vena
temporal v.'s See middle temporal v., deep temporal v.'s, superficial temporal v.'s.
v.'s of temporomandibular joint several small tributaries to the retromandibular v. from the temporomandibular joint.venae articulares temporomandibulares;
temporomaxillary v. retromandibular v
terminal v. superior thalamostriate v
testicular v.'s See right testicular v., left testicular v.
thalamostriate v.'s See inferior thalamostriate v.'s, superior thalamostriate v.
thebesian v.'s venae cordis minimae, under vena
thoracic v.'s See internal thoracic v., lateral thoracic v.
thoracoacromial v. corresponding to the artery of the same name, empties into the axillary v., sometimes by a common trunk with the cephalic v.vena thoracoacromialis [NA], thoracic axis (2);
thoracoepigastric v. one of two v.'s, sometimes a single v., arising from the region of the superficial epigastric v. and opening into the axillary or the lateral thoracic v., thus forming an anastomotic or collateral pathway between tributaries of the inferior and superior venae cavae.vena thoracoepigastrica [NA];
thymic v.'s a number of small v.'s from the thymus emptying into the left brachiocephalic v.venae thymicae [NA];
thyroid v.'s See inferior thyroid v., middle thyroid v., superior thyroid v., plexus thyroideus impar.
tracheal v.'s several small venous trunks from the trachea, emptying into the brachiocephalic v.'s or the superior vena cava.venae tracheales [NA];
transverse cervical v.'s venae comitantes of the corresponding arteries, emptying into the external jugular v. or sometimes into the subclavian v.venae transversae colli [NA], transverse v.'s of neck;
transverse v. of face transverse facial v
transverse facial v. a tributary of the superficial temporal or retromandibular v.'s, anastomosing with the facial v.vena transversa faciei [NA], transverse v. of face;
transverse v.'s of neck transverse cervical v.'s
transverse v. of scapula suprascapular v
Trolard's v. superior anastomotic v
tympanic v.'s v.'s exiting from the tympanic cavity through the petrotympanic fissure with the chorda tympani and emptying into the retromandibular v.venae tympanicae [NA];
ulnar v.'s venae comitantes of the ulnar artery, continuing from those of the supericial palmar arch and joining with those of the radial artery to form the brachial veins in the cubital fossa.venae ulnares [NA];
umbilical v. See left umbilical v.
v. of uncus vena unci
uterine v.'s two v.'s on each side which arise from the uterine venous plexus, pass through a part of the broad ligament and then through a peritoneal fold, and empty into the internal iliac v.venae uterinae [NA];
varicose v.'s permanent dilation and tortuosity of v.'s, most commonly seen in the legs, probably as a result of congenitally incomplete valves; there is a predisposition to varicose v.'s among persons in occupations requiring long periods of standing, and in pregnant women.
vertebral v. a v. derived from tributaries (venae comitantes) which run through the foramina in the transverse processes of the first six cervical vertebrae and form a plexus around the vertebral artery; it empties as a single trunk into the brachiocephalic v.'s.vena vertebralis [NA];
v.'s of vertebral column includes the internal and external vertebral venous plexuses, the basivertebral v.'s, and the anterior and posterior spinal v.'s.venae columnae vertebralis [NA];
Vesalius' v. the emissary v. passing through the foramen venosum.
vesical v.'s v.'s that drain the vesical venous plexus; they join the internal iliac v.'s.venae vesicales [NA];
vestibular v.'s v.'s draining the saccule and utricle; they are tributaries of both the labyrinthine v.'s and the v. of the vestibular aqueduct.venae vestibulares [NA];
v. of vestibular aqueduct a small v. accompanying the endolymphatic duct; it drains much of the vestibular portion of the labyrinth and terminates in the inferior petrosal sinus.vena aqueductus vestibuli [NA];
v. of vestibular bulb the v. draining the bulb of the vestibule; a tributary of the internal pudendal v.vena bulbi vestibuli [NA];
vidian v. v. of pterygoid canal
Vieussens' v.'s innominate cardiac v.'s
vitelline v. a v. returning blood from the yolk sac to the embryo.vena vitellina;
vortex v.'s several v.'s (usually four) from the vascular tunic formed of v.'s accompanying the posterior ciliary arteries and the ciliary body; then drain into the superior or inferior ophthalmic v.venae vorticosae [NA], venae choroideae oculi [NA], choroid v.'s of eye, Stensen's v.'s, vasa vorticosa, vorticose v.'s;
vorticose v.'s vortex v.'s



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veined veined (vand)
Marked by veins or lines resembling veins on the surface.



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veinlet veinlet (van´let)
venule



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vein strip´per vein strip´per
See under vein.



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Vejovis Vejovis (ve-jo´vis)
A genus of scorpions (the so-called devil scorpions of North America), including V. spinigerus, the stripe-tailed devil scorpion; V. carolinianus, the southern devil scorpion; and V. flavus, the slender devil scorpion.



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vel vel (vel)
or [L. or]



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vela vela (ve´la)
Plural of velum.



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velamen velamen, pl. velamina (ve-la´men, ve-lam´i-na)
velum (1) [L. a veil]
v. vul´vae hypertrophy of the labia minora.



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velamentous velamentous (vel-a-men´tus)
Expanded in the form of a sheet or veil.veliform;



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velamentum velamentum, pl. velamenta (vel´a-men´tum, -ta)
velum (1) [L. a cover]



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velamina velamina (ve-lam´i-na)
Plural of velamen.



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velar velar (ve´lar)
Relating to any velum, especially the velum palati.



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veliform veliform (vel´i-form)
velamentous [L. velum, veil, + forma, form]



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Vella Vella
Luigi, Italian physiologist, 1825-1886. See V.'s fistula; Thiry-V. fistula.



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vellicate vellicate (vel´i-kat)
To twitch or contract spasmodically; said especially of fibrillary muscular spasms. [L. vellico, pp. -atus, to pluck, to twitch, fr. vello, to deprive of hair, pluck]



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vellication vellication (vel´i-ka´shun)
A fibrillary muscular spasm.



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vellus vellus (vel´us)
1. Fine nonpigmented hair covering most of the body. 2. A structure that is fleecy or soft and woolly in appearance. [L. fleece]
v. oli´vae inferio´ris a stratum of nerve fibers surrounding the inferior olive.



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velocity (v) velocity (v) (ve-los´i-te)
Rate and direction of movement; specifically, distance traveled or quantity converted per unit time in a given direction. Cf. speed. [L. velocitas, fr. velox (veloc-), quick, swift]
initial v. the rate of a reaction, e.g., an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, at the early stages of the reaction such that the product(s) concentrations have not risen to a level to significantly affect the observable rate; typically, initial v.'s are observed when less than 10% of the reaction's approach toward equilibrium has occurred.initial rate;
maximum v. (Vmax) 1. the maximum rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction that can be achieved by progressively increasing the substrate concentration at a given enzyme concentration; in cases of substrate inhibition, Vmax is an extrapolated value in the absence of such inhibition; Cf. Michaelis-Menten equation. 2. the maximum initial rate of shortening of a myocardial fiber that can be obtained under zero load; used to evaluate the contractility of the fiber.
nerve conduction v. the rate of impulse conduction in a peripheral nerve or its various component fibers, generally expressed in meters per second.
sedimentation v. the rate of movement of a substance, typically a macromolecule, in centrifugation; these centrifugation studies provide data on the structure of the macromolecule.
steady-state v. the v. of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in which, over the time course of the study, the concentration of any enzyme species is constant (i.e., for an enzyme-substrate binary complex, ES, d[ES]/dt 00; for this to hold true, the total enzyme concentration must be much less than the initial substrate concentration.steady-state rate;



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velogenic velogenic (vel-o-jen´ik)
Denoting the virulence of a virus capable of inducing, after a brief incubation period, a fulminating and often lethal disease in embryonic, immature, and adult hosts; used in characterizing Newcastle disease virus. [L. velox, rapid, + G. -gen, producing]



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velonoskiascopy velonoskiascopy (ve´lo-no-ski-as´ko-pe)
An obsolete subjective test for ametropia in which a thin rod is moved across the pupil while a distant light source is fixed; the shadow of the rod moves with the rod in myopia, and in the opposite direction in hyperopia. [G. velone (belone), needle, + skiascopy]



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velopharyngeal velopharyngeal (ve´lo-fa-rin´je-al)
Pertaining to the soft palate (velum palatinum) and the posterior nasopharyngeal wall.



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velosynthesis velosynthesis (ve´lo-sin´the-sis)
palatorrhaphy



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Velpeau Velpeau
Alfred A.L.M., French surgeon, 1795-1867. See V.'s bandage, canal, fossa, hernia.



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velum velum, pl. vela (ve´lum, -la)
1. Any structure resembling a veil or curtain.veil (1), velamen, velamentum; 2. caul (1) 3. greater omentum 4. Any serous membrane or membranous envelope or covering. [L. veil, sail]
anterior medullary v. superior medullary v
inferior medullary v. a thin sheet of white matter, hidden by the cerebellar tonsil, attached along the peduncle of the flocculus and, at and near the midline, to the nodulus of the vermis; it is continuous caudally with the epithelial lamina and choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle.v. medullare inferius [NA], posterior medullary v., Tarin's valve, valvula semilunaris tarini, v. semilunare, v. tarini;
v. interpos´itum choroid tela of third ventricle
v. medulla´re infe´rius [NA] inferior medullary v
v. medulla´re supe´rius [NA] superior medullary v
v. palati´num [NA] * official alternate term for soft palate, soft palate
v. pen´dulum pala´ti soft palate
posterior medullary v. inferior medullary v
v. semiluna´re inferior medullary v
superior medullary v. the thin layer of white matter stretching between the two superior cerebellar peduncles, forming the roof of the superior recess of the fourth ventricle.v. medullare superius [NA], anterior medullary v., Vieussens' valve;
v. tari´ni inferior medullary v
v. termina´le lamina terminalis of cerebrum
transverse v. a fold in the dorsal wall of the embryonic brain at the boundary between the telencephalon and diencephalon.v. transversum;
v. transver´sum transverse v
v. triangula´re choroid tela of third ventricle



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vena vena, gen and pl. venae (ve´na, -ne) [NA]
vein [L.]
v. ad´vehens, pl. ve´nae advehen´tes collective term for a series of branching channels in the early embryo receiving blood from the umbilical and/or vitelline venous systems and passing the mixed blood to the sinusoids of the liver; they become terminal branches of the hepatic portal vein.v. afferentes hepatis;
v. afferen´tes hepa´tis v. advehens
v. anastomot´ica infe´rior [NA] inferior anastomotic vein
v. anastomot´ica supe´rior [NA] superior anastomotic vein
v. angula´ris [NA] angular vein
v. appendicula´ris [NA] appendicular vein
v. aqueduc´tus coch´leae [NA] vein of cochlear canaliculus
v. aqueduc´tus vestib´uli [NA] vein of vestibular aqueduct
ve´nae arcua´tae re´nis [NA] arcuate veins of kidney, under vein
v. arterio´sa arterial vein
ve´nae articula´res temporomandibula´res veins of temporomandibular joint, under vein
v. a´trii latera´lis [NA] a vein draining deep portions of the temporal and parietal lobes; it runs in the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle to terminate in the superior thalamostriate vein.v. ventriculi lateralis lateralis [NA], lateral atrial vein, lateral vein of lateral ventricle;
v. a´trii media´lis [NA] a vein that drains deep portions of the parietal and occipital lobes; it runs in the medial wall of the lateral ventricle to empty into the internal cerebral vein or the great cerebral vein.v. ventriculi lateralis medialis [NA], medial atrial vein, medial vein of lateral ventricle;
v. auricula´ris ante´rior [NA] anterior auricular vein
v. auricula´ris poste´rior [NA] posterior auricular vein
v. axilla´ris [NA] axillary vein
v. az´ygos [NA] azygos vein
v. az´ygos ma´jor azygos vein
v. az´ygos mi´nor infe´rior hemiazygos vein
v. az´ygos mi´nor supe´rior accessory hemiazygos vein
v. basa´lis [NA] basal vein of Rosenthal
v. basa´lis commu´nis [NA] common basal vein
v. basa´lis infe´rior [NA] inferior basal vein
v. basa´lis supe´rior [NA] superior basal vein
v. basil´ica [NA] basilic vein
v. basivertebra´lis [NA] basivertebral vein
Billroth's venae cavernosae venae cavernosae of spleen
ve´nae brachia´les [NA] brachial veins, under vein
ve´nae brachiocephal´icae [NA] brachiocephalic veins, under vein
ve´nae bronchia´les [NA] bronchial veins, under vein
v. bul´bi pe´nis [NA] vein of bulb of penis
v. bul´bi vestib´uli [NA] vein of vestibular bulb
v. canalic´uli coch´leae vein of cochlear canaliculus
v. cana´lis pterygoi´dei [NA] vein of pterygoid canal
v. cardi´aca mag´na great cardiac vein
v. ca´va infe´rior [NA] inferior v. cava
v. ca´va supe´rior [NA] superior v. cava
ve´nae caverno´sae pe´nis [NA] cavernous veins of penis, under vein
ve´nae centra´les hep´atis [NA] central veins of liver, under vein
v. centra´lis glan´dulae suprarena´lis [NA] central vein of suprarenal gland
v. centra´lis ret´inae [NA] central vein of retina
v. cephal´ica [NA] cephalic vein
v. cephal´ica accesso´ria [NA] accessory cephalic vein
ve´nae cerebel´li [NA] cerebellar veins, under vein
ve´nae cerebel´li inferio´res See inferior veins of cerebellar hemisphere, under vein.
ve´nae cerebel´li superio´res See superior veins of cerebellar hemisphere, under vein.
v. cer´ebri ante´rior [NA] anterior cerebral vein
ve´nae cer´ebri inferio´res [NA] inferior cerebral veins, under vein
ve´nae cer´ebri inter´nae [NA] internal cerebral veins, under vein
v. cer´ebri mag´na [NA] great cerebral vein of Galen
v. cer´ebri me´dia profun´da [NA] deep middle cerebral vein
v. cer´ebri me´dia superficia´lis [NA] superficial middle cerebral vein
ve´nae cer´ebri profun´dae [NA] deep cerebral veins, under vein
ve´nae cer´ebri superficia´les [NA] superficial cerebral veins, under vein
ve´nae cer´ebri superio´res [NA] superior cerebral veins, under vein
v. cervica´lis profun´da [NA] deep cervical vein
ve´nae choroi´deae oc´uli [NA] * official alternate term for vortex veins, under vein
v. choroi´dea infe´rior [NA] inferior choroid vein
v. choroi´dea supe´rior [NA] superior choroid vein
ve´nae cilia´res [NA] ciliary veins, under vein
ve´nae circumflex´ae fem´oris latera´les [NA] lateral circumflex femoral veins, under vein
ve´nae circumflex´ae fem´oris media´les [NA] medial circumflex femoral veins, under vein
v. circumflex´a ili´aca profun´da [NA] deep circumflex iliac vein
v. circumflex´a ili´aca superficia´lis [NA] superficial circumflex iliac vein
v. col´ica dex´tra [NA] right colic vein
v. col´ica me´dia [NA] middle colic vein
v. col´ica sinis´tra [NA] left colic vein
ve´nae colum´nae vertebra´lis [NA] veins of vertebral column, under vein
v. com´itans [NA] a vein accompanying another structure.accompanying vein, companion vein;
v. com´itans ner´vi hypoglos´si [NA] runs with the hypoglossal nerve below and lateral to the hyoglossus muscle, emptying usually into the lingual vein.accompanying vein of hypoglossal nerve;
ve´nae comitan´tes [NA] a pair of veins, occasionally more, that closely accompany an artery in such a manner that the pulsations of the artery aid venous return.companion veins;
ve´nae conjunctiva´les [NA] conjunctival veins, under vein
ve´nae cor´dis anterio´res [NA] anterior cardiac veins, under vein
v. cor´dis mag´na [NA] great cardiac vein
v. cor´dis me´dia [NA] middle cardiac vein
ve´nae cor´dis min´imae [NA] numerous small valveless venous channels that open directly into the chambers of the heart from the capillary bed in the cardiac wall, enabling a form of collateral circulation unique to the heart.smallest cardiac veins, thebesian veins;
v. cor´dis par´va [NA] small cardiac vein
v. cor´nus posterio´ris [NA] a small vein draining the surface region of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle; it is a tributary to the great cerebral vein.vein of posterior horn;
v. corona´ria ventric´uli left gastric vein
v. cor´poris callo´si dorsa´lis [NA] it originates on the superior surface of the corpus callosum and runs posteriorly to terminate in the great cerebral vein.dorsal callosal vein, dorsal vein of corpus callosum, posterior marginal vein, posterior pericallosal vein;
v. cuta´nea [NA] superficial vein
v. cys´tica [NA] cystic vein
ve´nae digita´les dorsa´les pe´dis [NA] dorsal digital veins of foot, under vein
ve´nae digita´les palma´res [NA] palmar digital veins, under vein
ve´nae digita´les planta´res [NA] plantar digital veins, under vein
v. diplo´ica [NA] diploic vein
ve´nae direc´tae latera´les [NA] one or more veins running a subependymal course in a coronal plane over the thalamus, terminating in the internal cerebral vein.lateral direct veins, surface thalamic veins;
ve´nae dorsa´les clitor´idis superficia´les [NA] superficial dorsal veins of clitoris, under vein
venae dorsa´les lin´guae [NA] dorsal lingual vein
ve´nae dorsa´les pe´nis superficia´les [NA] superficial dorsal veins of penis, under vein
v. dorsa´lis clitor´idis profun´da [NA] deep dorsal vein of clitoris
v. dorsa´lis pe´nis profun´da [NA] deep dorsal vein of penis
v. emissa´ria, pl. ve´nae emissa´riae [NA] emissary vein
v. emissa´ria condyla´ris [NA] condylar emissary vein
v. emissa´ria mastoi´dea [NA] mastoid emissary vein
v. emissa´ria occipita´lis [NA] occipital emissary vein
v. emissa´ria parieta´lis [NA] parietal emissary vein
ve´nae epigas´tricae superio´res [NA] superior epigastric veins, under vein
v. epigas´trica infe´rior [NA] inferior epigastric vein
v. epigas´trica superficia´lis [NA] superficial epigastric vein
ve´nae episclera´les [NA] episcleral veins, under vein
ve´nae esopha´geae [NA] esophageal veins, under vein
ve´nae ethmoida´les [NA] ethmoidal veins, under vein
v. facia´lis facial vein
v. facia´lis ante´rior facial vein
v. facia´lis commu´nis common facial vein
v. facia´lis poste´rior retromandibular vein
v. facie´i profun´da [NA] deep facial vein
v. femora´lis [NA] femoral vein
ve´nae fibula´res [NA] * official alternate term for peroneal veins, under vein, peroneal veins, under vein
ve´nae fronta´les 1. [NA] supratrochlear veins, under vein 2. supratrochlear veins, under vein
v. gas´trica dex´tra [NA] right gastric vein
ve´nae gas´tricae bre´ves [NA] short gastric veins, under vein
v. gas´trica sinis´tra [NA] left gastric vein
v. gastro-omenta´lis dex´tra [NA] right gastroepiploic vein
v. gastro-omenta´lis sinis´tra [NA] left gastroepiploic vein
ve´nae ge´nus [NA] veins of knee, under vein
ve´nae glu´teae inferio´res [NA] inferior gluteal veins, under vein
ve´nae glu´teae superio´res [NA] superior gluteal veins, under vein
v. gy´ri olfacto´rii [NA] a tributary of the basal vein which drains the medial olfactory stria.vein of olfactory gyrus;
v. hemiaz´ygos [NA] hemiazygos vein
v. hemiaz´ygos accesso´ria [NA] accessory hemiazygos vein
ve´nae hemisphe´rii cerebel´li inferio´res [NA] inferior veins of cerebellar hemisphere, under vein
ve´nae hemisphe´rii cerebel´li superio´res [NA] superior veins of cerebellar hemisphere, under vein
ve´nae hemorrhoida´les inferio´res outmoded term for inferior rectal veins, under vein.
ve´nae hemorrhoida´les me´diae outmoded term for middle rectal veins, under vein.
v. hemorrhoida´lis supe´rior outmoded term for superior rectal vein.
ve´nae hepat´icae [NA] hepatic veins, under vein
ve´nae hepat´icae dex´trae [NA] right hepatic veins, under vein
ve´nae hepat´icae me´diae [NA] middle hepatic veins, under vein
ve´nae hepat´icae sinis´trae [NA] left hepatic veins, under vein
v. hypogas´trica obsolete term for internal iliac vein.
v. ileocol´ica [NA] ileocolic vein
v. ili´aca commu´nis [NA] common iliac vein
v. ili´aca exter´na [NA] external iliac vein
v. ili´aca inter´na [NA] internal iliac vein
v. iliolumba´lis [NA] iliolumbar vein
inferior v. cava (IVC) receives the blood from the lower limbs and the greater part of the pelvic and abdominal organs; it begins at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra on the right side by the merger of the right and left common iliac veins, pierces the diaphragm at the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra, and empties into the posteroinferior aspect of the right atrium of the heart.v. cava inferior [NA], postcava;
v. innomina´ta archaic term for brachiocephalic veins, under vein.
ve´nae insula´res [NA] veins draining the cortex of the insula, tributaries to the deep middle cerebral vein.insular veins;
ve´nae intercapita´les [NA] intercapitular veins, under vein
ve´nae intercosta´les anterio´res [NA] anterior intercostal veins, under vein
ve´nae intercosta´les posterio´res [NA] posterior intercostal veins, under vein
v. intercosta´lis supe´rior dex´tra [NA] right superior intercostal vein
v. intercosta´lis supe´rior sinis´tra [NA] left superior intercostal vein
v. intercosta´lis supre´ma [NA] highest intercostal vein
ve´nae interloba´res re´nis [NA] interlobar veins of kidney, under vein
ve´nae interlobula´res hep´atis [NA] interlobular veins of liver, under vein
ve´nae interlobula´res re´nis [NA] interlobular veins of kidney, under vein
v. interme´dia antebra´chii [NA] median antebrachial vein
v. interme´dia basil´ica [NA] intermediate basilic vein
v. interme´dia cephal´ica [NA] intermediate cephalic vein
v. interme´dia cu´biti [NA] median cubital vein
v. intervertebra´lis [NA] intervertebral vein
ve´nae jejuna´les et il´ei [NA] jejunal and ileal veins, under vein
v. jugula´ris ante´rior [NA] anterior jugular vein
v. jugula´ris exter´na [NA] external jugular vein
v. jugula´ris inter´na [NA] internal jugular vein
ve´nae labia´les anterio´res [NA] anterior labial veins, under vein
ve´nae labia´les posterio´res [NA] posterior labial veins, under vein
v. labia´lis infe´rior [NA] inferior labial vein
v. labia´lis supe´rior [NA] superior labial vein
ve´nae labyrin´thi [NA] labyrinthine veins, under vein
v. lacrima´lis [NA] lacrimal vein
v. laryn´gea infe´rior [NA] inferior laryngeal vein
v. laryn´gea supe´rior [NA] superior laryngeal vein
v. liena´lis splenic vein
v. lingua´lis [NA] lingual vein
ve´nae lumba´les [NA] lumbar veins, under vein
v. lumba´lis ascen´dens [NA] ascending lumbar vein
v. mamma´ria inter´na obsolete term for internal thoracic vein.
v. maxilla´ris, pl. ve´nae maxilla´res [NA] maxillary vein
v. media´na antebra´chii median antebrachial vein
v. media´na basil´ica intermediate basilic vein
v. media´na cephal´ica intermediate cephalic vein
v. media´na cu´biti median cubital vein
ve´nae mediastina´les [NA] mediastinal veins, under vein
ve´nae medul´lae oblonga´tae [NA] several veins draining the medulla oblongata; they are tributaries of the anterior spinal vein and the petrosal vein.veins of medulla oblongata;
ve´nae menin´geae [NA] meningeal veins, under vein
ve´nae menin´geae me´diae [NA] middle meningeal veins, under vein
ve´nae mesencephal´icae [NA] several veins draining the mesencephalon; the posterior ones are tributaries to the great cerebral vein; the lateral ones are tributaries to the basal vein.mesencephalic veins;
v. mesenter´ica infe´rior [NA] inferior mesenteric vein
v. mesenter´ica supe´rior [NA] superior mesenteric vein
ve´nae metacar´peae dorsa´les [NA] dorsal metacarpal veins, under vein
ve´nae metacar´peae palma´res [NA] palmar metacarpal veins, under vein
ve´nae metatar´seae dorsa´les [NA] dorsal metatarsal veins, under vein
ve´nae metatar´seae planta´res [NA] plantar metatarsal veins, under vein
ve´nae mus´culophren´icae [NA] musculophrenic veins, under vein
ve´nae nasa´les exter´nae [NA] external nasal veins, under vein
v. nasofronta´lis [NA] nasofrontal vein
ve´nae nu´clei cauda´ti [NA] small veins from the caudate nucleus draining into the superior thalamostriate vein.veins of caudate nucleus;
v. obli´qua a´trii sinis´tri [NA] oblique vein of left atrium
v. obturato´ria, pl. ve´nae obturato´riae [NA] obturator vein
ve´nae occipita´les [NA] occipital cerebral veins, under vein
v. occipita´lis [NA] occipital vein
v. ophthal´mica infe´rior [NA] inferior ophthalmic vein
v. ophthal´mica supe´rior [NA] superior ophthalmic vein
v. ova´rica dex´tra [NA] right ovarian vein
v. ova´rica sinis´tra [NA] left ovarian vein
v. palati´na [NA] palatine vein
ve´nae palpebra´les [NA] palpebral veins, under vein
ve´nae palpebra´les inferio´res [NA] inferior palpebral veins, under vein
ve´nae palpebra´les superio´res [NA] superior palpebral veins, under vein
ve´nae pancreat´icae [NA] pancreatic veins, under vein
ve´nae pancreat´icoduodena´les [NA] pancreaticoduodenal veins, under vein
ve´nae paraumbilica´les [NA] paraumbilical veins, under vein
ve´nae parieta´les [NA] parietal veins, under vein
ve´nae parotid´ea [NA] parotid veins, under vein
ve´nae pectora´les [NA] pectoral veins, under vein
ve´nae peduncula´res [NA] small tributaries of the basal vein from the cerebral peduncle.peduncular veins;
ve´nae perforan´tes [NA] perforating veins, under vein
ve´nae pericardi´acae [NA] pericardial veins, under vein
ve´nae pericardiacophren´icae [NA] pericardiacophrenic veins, under vein
ve´nae perone´ae [NA] peroneal veins, under vein
v. petro´sa [NA] petrosal vein
ve´nae pharyn´geae [NA] pharyngeal veins, under vein
ve´nae phren´icae superio´res [NA] superior phrenic veins, under vein
v. phren´ica infe´rior, pl. ve´nae phren´icae inferio´res [NA] inferior phrenic vein
ve´nae pon´tis [NA] pontine veins, under vein
v. pontomesencephal´ica ante´rior [NA] a vein in the midline of the interpeduncular fossa on the superior and anterior aspects of the pons; it communicates with the basal vein superiorly and the petrosal vein inferiorly.anterior pontomesencephalic vein;
v. poplit´ea [NA] popliteal vein
v. por´tae hep´atis [NA] portal vein
v. porta´lis portal vein
v. poste´rior ventric´uli sinis´tri [NA] posterior vein of left ventricle
v. preauricula´ris anterior auricular vein
v. precentra´lis cerebel´li [NA] precentral cerebellar vein
ve´nae prefronta´les [NA] the superficial veins draining the prefrontal cerebral cortex and emptying into the superior sagittal sinus.prefrontal veins;
v. prepylo´rica [NA] prepyloric vein
ve´nae profun´dae clitor´idis [NA] deep veins of clitoris, under vein
v. profun´da fem´oris [NA] deep femoral vein
v. profun´da lin´guae [NA] deep lingual vein
v. profun´da pe´nis [NA] deep vein of penis
ve´nae puden´dae exter´nae [NA] external pudendal veins, under vein
v. puden´da inter´na [NA] internal pudendal vein
ve´nae pulmona´les [NA] pulmonary veins, under vein
v. pulmona´lis infe´rior dex´tra [NA] right inferior pulmonary vein
v. pulmona´lis infe´rior sinis´tra [NA] left inferior pulmonary vein
v. pulmona´lis supe´rior dex´tra [NA] right superior pulmonary vein
v. pulmona´lis supe´rior sinis´tra [NA] left superior pulmonary vein
ve´nae radia´les [NA] radial veins, under vein
v. reces´sus latera´lis ventric´uli quar´ti [NA] a small vein originating in the cerebellar tonsil, coursing by the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle on its way to terminate in the petrosal vein.vein of lateral recess of fourth ventricle;
ve´nae rec´tae the ascending limbs of the vasa rectae in the renal medulla.
ve´nae recta´les inferio´res [NA] inferior rectal veins, under vein
ve´nae recta´les me´diae [NA] middle rectal veins, under vein
v. recta´lis supe´rior [NA] superior rectal vein
ve´nae rena´les [NA] renal veins, under vein
ve´nae re´nis [NA] veins of kidney, under vein
v. retromandibula´ris [NA] retromandibular vein
v. re´vehens, pl. ve´nae revehen´tes veins in the embryo, passing from the sinusoid vessels in the liver to the inferior v. cava, that develop into the hepatic veins.
ve´nae sacra´les latera´les [NA] lateral sacral veins, under vein
v. sacra´lis media´na [NA] median sacral vein
v. saphe´na accesso´ria [NA] accessory saphenous vein
v. saphe´na mag´na [NA] great saphenous vein
v. saphe´na par´va [NA] small saphenous vein
v. scapula´ris dorsa´lis [NA] dorsal scapular vein
ve´nae sclera´les [NA] scleral veins, under vein
ve´nae scrota´les anterio´res [NA] anterior scrotal veins, under vein
ve´nae scrota´les posterio´res [NA] posterior scrotal veins, under vein
v. sep´ti pellu´cidi ante´rior [NA] anterior vein of septum pellucidum
v. sep´ti pellu´cidi poste´rior [NA] posterior vein of septum pellucidum
ve´nae sigmoi´deae [NA] sigmoid veins, under vein
ve´nae spina´les [NA] spinal veins, under vein
v. spira´lis modi´oli [NA] spiral vein of modiolus
venae cavernosae of spleen small tributaries of the splenic vein in the pulp of the spleen.Billroth's venae cavernosae;
v. sple´nica [NA] splenic vein
ve´nae stella´tae venulae stellatae, under venula
v. sternocleidomastoi´dea [NA] sternocleidomastoid vein
ve´nae stria´tae inferior thalamostriate veins, under vein
v. stylomastoi´dea [NA] stylomastoid vein
v. subcla´via [NA] subclavian vein
ve´nae subcuta´neae abdom´inis [NA] subcutaneous veins of abdomen, under vein
v. sublingua´lis [NA] sublingual vein
v. submenta´lis [NA] submental vein
superior v. cava returns blood from the head and neck, upper limbs, and thorax to the posterosuperior aspect of the right atrium; formed in the superior mediastinum by union of the two brachiocephalic veins.v. cava superior [NA], precava;
v. supraorbita´lis [NA] supraorbital vein
v. suprarena´lis dex´tra [NA] right suprarenal vein
v. suprarena´lis sinis´tra [NA] left suprarenal vein
v. suprascapula´ris [NA] suprascapular vein
ve´nae supratrochlea´res [NA] supratrochlear veins, under vein
ve´nae tempora´les profun´dae [NA] deep temporal veins, under vein
ve´nae tempora´les superficia´les [NA] superficial temporal veins, under vein
v. tempora´lis me´dia [NA] middle temporal vein
v. termina´lis [NA] superior thalamostriate vein
v. testicula´ris dex´tra [NA] right testicular vein
v. testicula´ris sinis´tra [NA] left testicular vein
ve´nae thalamostria´tae inferio´res [NA] inferior thalamostriate veins, under vein
v. thalamostria´ta supe´rior [NA] superior thalamostriate vein
v. thora´cica inter´na, pl. ve´nae thora´cicae inter´nae [NA] internal thoracic vein
v. thora´cica latera´lis [NA] lateral thoracic vein
v. thoracoacromia´lis [NA] thoracoacromial vein
v. thoracoepigas´trica, pl. ve´nae thoracoepigas´tricae [NA] thoracoepigastric vein
ve´nae thy´micae [NA] thymic veins, under vein
v. thyroi´dea i´ma inferior thyroid vein
v. thyroi´dea infe´rior [NA] inferior thyroid vein
v. thyroi´dea me´dia [NA] middle thyroid vein
v. thyroi´dea supe´rior [NA] superior thyroid vein
ve´nae tibia´les anterio´res [NA] anterior tibial veins, under vein
ve´nae tibia´les posterio´res [NA] posterior tibial veins, under vein
ve´nae trachea´les [NA] tracheal veins, under vein
ve´nae transver´sae col´li [NA] transverse cervical veins, under vein
v. transver´sa facie´i [NA] transverse facial vein
v. transver´sa scap´ulae suprascapular vein
ve´nae tympan´icae [NA] tympanic veins, under vein
ve´nae ulna´res [NA] ulnar veins, under vein
v. umbilica´lis sinis´tra [NA] left umbilical vein
v. un´ci [NA] a vein draining the uncus into the inferior cerebral vein of the same side.vein of uncus;
ve´nae uteri´nae [NA] uterine veins, under vein
v. ventricula´ris infe´rior [NA] vein draining the deep white matter of the superior and lateral portions of the temporal lobe; it begins in the body of the lateral ventricle and exits from the choroid fissure of the inferior horn where it joins the basal vein.inferior ventricular vein;
v. ventric´uli latera´lis latera´lis [NA] v. atrii lateralis
v. ventric´uli latera´lis media´lis [NA] v. atrii medialis
v. ver´mis infe´rior [NA] inferior vein of vermis
v. ver´mis supe´rior [NA] superior vein of vermis
v. vertebra´lis [NA] vertebral vein
v. vertebra´lis accesso´ria [NA] accessory vertebral vein
v. vertebra´lis ante´rior [NA] anterior vertebral vein
ve´nae vesica´les [NA] vesical veins, under vein
ve´nae vestibula´res [NA] vestibular veins, under vein
v. vitelli´na vitelline vein
ve´nae vortico´sae [NA] vortex veins, under vein



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venacavography venacavography (ve´na-ka-vog´ra-fe)
Angiography of a vena cava.cavography;



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venation venation (ve-na´shun)
The arrangement and distribution of veins. [L. vena, vein]



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vene- vene-
1. The veins, venous. See also veno-. [L. vena, vein] 2. Combining form relating to venom. [L. venenum, poison]



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venectasia venectasia (ve-nek-ta´se-a)
phlebectasia



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venectomy venectomy (ve-nek´to-me)
phlebectomy



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veneer veneer (ve-ner´)
1. A thin surface layer laid over a base of common material. 2. In dentistry, a layer of tooth-colored material, usually porcelain or acrylic resin, attached to and covering the surface of a metal crown or natural tooth structure. [Fr. fournir, to furnish]



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venenation venenation (ven-e-na´shun, ve-ne-)
Poisoning, as from a sting or bite. [L. veneno, pp. -atus, to poison, fr. venenum, poison]



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veneniferous veneniferous (ven-e-nif´e-rus)
Conveying poison, as through a sting or bite. [L. venenifer, fr. venenum, poison, + fero, to carry]



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venenosalivary venenosalivary (ven´e-no-sal´i-var-e)
Secreting a poisonous saliva, said of venomous reptiles.venomosalivary;



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venenosity venenosity (ven-e-nos´i-te)
The state of containing poison or being poisonous. [L. venenosus, poisonous]



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venenous venenous (ven´e-nus)
poisonous [L. venenosus]



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venereal venereal (ve-ner´e-al)
Relating to or resulting from sexual intercourse. [L. Venus (vener-), goddess of love]



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venereology venereology (ve-ner-e-ol´o-je)
The study of venereal disease. [venereal (disease) + G. logos, study]



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venereophobia venereophobia (ve-ner´e-o-fo´be-a)
Morbid fear of venereal disease. [venereal (disease) + G. phobos, fear]



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venesection venesection (ven-e-sek´shun)
phlebotomy [L. vena, vein, + sectio, a cutting]



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veni- veni-
See veno-.



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venin venin (ven´in)
Any poisonous substance found in snake venom. [see venom]



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venipuncture venipuncture (ven´i-punk-chur, ve´ni-)
The puncture of a vein, usually to withdraw blood or inject a solution.



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Venn Venn
John, English logician and philosopher, 1834-1923. See Venn diagram.



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veno- veno- , veni-
The veins. See also vene- (1); [L. vena]



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venoclysis venoclysis (ve-nok´li-sis)
phleboclysis [veno- + G. klysis, a washing out]



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venofibrosis venofibrosis (ve´no-fI-bro´sis)
phlebosclerosis



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venogram venogram (ve´no-gram)
1. Radiograph of opacified veins. 2. phlebogram [veno- + G. gramma, a writing]



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venography venography (ve-nog´ra-fe)
Radiographic demonstration of a vein, after the injection of contrast medium.phlebography (2); [veno- + G. grapho, to write]
splenic portal v. splenoportography
transosseous v. radiographic demonstration of veins that drain a bone's marrow, by injection of contrast medium into the marrow at an appropriate point, as in vertebral v. or azygography by rib injection.
vertebral v. radiographic demonstration of the epidural venous plexus by injection of contrast medium into the spinous process.



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venom venom (ven´om)
A poisonous fluid secreted by snakes, spiders, scorpions, etc. [M. Eng. and O. Fr. venim, fr. L. venenum, poison]
kokoi v. a potent neurotoxin found in the frog Phyllobates bicolor; it is a nonprotein compound with a molecular weight of approximately 400, and is lethal in microgram quantities.
Russell's viper v. a v. used as a coagulant in the arrest of hemorrhage from accessible sites in hemophilia.



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venomosalivary venomosalivary (ven´o-mo-sal´i-var-e)
venenosalivary



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venomotor venomotor (ve´no-mo´ter)
Causing change in the caliber of a vein. [veno- + L. motor, a move]



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venoperitoneostomy venoperitoneostomy (ve´no-per-i-to-ne-os´to-me)
An obsolete operation involving insertion of the cut end of the saphenous vein into the peritoneal cavity in cases of ascites; the vein is inverted so that the valves prevent regurgitation of blood into the cavity while the ascitic fluid flows into the vein. [veno- + peritoneum + G. stoma, mouth]



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venopressor venopressor (ve-no-pres´er)
Relating to the venous blood pressure and consequently the volume of venous supply to the right side of the heart.



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venosclerosis venosclerosis (ve´no-skle-ro´sis)
phlebosclerosis



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venose venose (ve´nos)
Having veins; veiny. [L. venosus]



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venosinal venosinal (ve´no-sI´nal)
Pertaining to the vena cava and the atrial sinus of the heart.



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venosity venosity (ve-nos´i-te)
1. A venous state; a condition in which the bulk of the blood is in the veins at the expense of the arteries. 2. The unaerated condition of venous blood.



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venostasis venostasis (ve-no-sta´sis, ve-nos´ta-sis)
phlebostasis [veno- + G. stasis, a standing]



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venostat venostat (ve´no-stat)
Any instrument for arresting venous bleeding. [veno- + G. statos, standing, stationary]



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venostomy venostomy (ve-nos´to-me)
cutdown



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venotomy venotomy (ve-not´o-me)
phlebotomy



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venous venous (ve´nus)
Relating to a vein or to the veins.phleboid (2); [L. venosus]



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venous return venous return
The blood returning to the heart via the great veins and coronary sinus.



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venovenostomy venovenostomy (ve´no-ve-nos´to-me)
The formation of an anastomosis between two veins.phlebophlebostomy; [veno- + veno- + G. stoma, mouth]



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vent vent
An opening into a cavity or canal, especially one through which the contents of such a cavity are discharged, as the anus. [O. Fr. fente, a chink, cleft]



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venter venter (ven´ter)
1. abdomen 2. [NA] belly (2) 3. One of the great cavities of the body. 4. The uterus. [L. venter (ventr-), belly]
v. ante´rior mus´culi digas´trici [NA] anterior belly of digastric muscle
v. fronta´lis mus´culi occipitofronta´lis [NA] frontal belly of occipitofrontalis muscle
v. infe´rior mus´culi omohyoi´dei [NA] inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
v. occipita´lis mus´culi occipitofron´talis [NA] occipital belly of occipitofrontalis muscle
v. poste´rior mus´culi digas´trici [NA] posterior belly of digastric muscle
v. propen´dens 1. anteversion of the uterus; 2. a pendulous abdomen.
v. supe´rior mus´culi omohyoi´dei [NA] superior belly of omohyoid muscle



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ventilate ventilate (ven´ti-lat)
To aerate, or oxygenate, the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.air (2), atmosphere (1); [L. ventilo, pp. -atus, to fan, fr. ventus, the wind]



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ventilation ventilation (ven-ti-la´shun)
1. Replacement of air or other gas in a space by fresh air or gas. 2. Movement of gas(es) into and out of the lungs.oxidative metabolism, respiration (2); 3. (V) In physiology, the tidal exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere that occurs in breathing. See also respiration. [see ventilate]
alveolar v. (VA) the volume of gas expired from the alveoli to the outside of the body per minute; calculated as the respiratory frequency (f) multiplied by the difference between tidal volume and the dead space (VT - VD); units: ml/min BTPS.
artificial v. application of mechanically or manually generated pressures, usually positive, to gas(es) in or about the airway as a means of producing gas exchange between the lungs and surrounding atmosphere.artificial respiration;
assist-control v. artificial respiration in which inspiration is produced automatically after a set interval if the person has not already begun to inspire. Cf. assisted v., controlled v.
assisted v. application of mechanically or manually generated positive pressure to gas(es) in or about the airway during inhalation as a means of augmenting movement of gases into the lungs.assisted respiration;
continuous positive pressure v. (CPPV) controlled mechanical v
controlled v. intermittent application of mechanically or manually generated positive pressure to gas(es) in or about the airway as a means of forcing gases into the lungs in the absence of spontaneous ventilatory efforts.controlled respiration;
controlled mechanical v. (CMV) artificial v. in which all inspirations are provided by positive pressure applied to the airway.continuous positive pressure breathing, continuous positive pressure v., intermittent positive pressure breathing, intermittent positive pressure v;
intermittent mandatory v. (IMV) mechanical application of positive pressure at a predetermined frequency to the airway to increase tidal volume.
intermittent positive pressure v. (IPPV) controlled mechanical v
manual v. intermittent manual compression of a gas-filled reservoir bag to force gases into a patient's lungs and thus maintain oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination during apnea or hypoventilation.
maximum voluntary v. (MVV) the volume of air breathed when an individual breathes as deeply and as quickly as possible for a given time (e.g., 15 sec.).maximum breathing capacity;
mechanical v. use of automatically cycling devices to generate airway pressures; employed in assisted or controlled v.
pulmonary v. respiratory minute volume, i.e., the total volume of gas per minute inspired (VI) or expired (VE) expressed in liters per minute; differs from alveolar v. by including the exchange of dead space gas.
spontaneous intermittent mandatory v. (SIMV) intermittent mandatory v. spontaneously initiated by the patient, to increase tidal volume, and subsequently synchronized with patient's respiratory cycle.synchronized intermittent mandatory v;
synchronized intermittent mandatory v. (SIMV) spontaneous intermittent mandatory v
wasted v. that part of the pulmonary v. which is ineffective in exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with pulmonary capillary blood; calculated as physiologic dead space multiplied by respiratory frequency.



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ventilation/perfusion mismatch ventilation/perfusion mismatch
An imbalance between alveolar ventilation and pulmonary capillary blood flow.



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ventplant ventplant
An endo-osseous implant, usually made of titanium, utilized to provide support and fixation for a dental prosthesis by means of projections through the mucosa; also used to designate a family of implants.



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ventrad ventrad (ven´trad)
Toward the ventral aspect; opposed to dorsad. [L. venter, belly, + ad, to]



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ventral ventral (ven´tral)
1. Pertaining to the belly or to any venter. 2. anterior (1) 3. In veterinary anatomy, the undersurface of an animal; often used to indicate the position of one structure relative to another, i.e., situated nearer the undersurface of the body.ventralis [NA]; [L. ventralis]



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ventralis ventralis (ven-tra´lis) [NA]
ventral [L.]



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ventricle ventricle (ven´tri-kl)
A normal cavity, as of the brain or heart.ventriculus (2); [L. ventriculus, dim. of venter, belly]
Arantius' v. calamus scriptorius
cerebral v.'s See lateral v., fourth v., third v., cavity of septum pellucidum.
v. of cerebral hemisphere lateral v
v. of diencephalon third v
double outlet right v. a heterogeneous category of congenital abnormalities as yet unclassified. Basically both great arteries arise in whole or in part from the right v. or an infundibular chamber. Ventricular septal defect is nearly always present.
Duncan's v. cavity of septum pellucidum
fifth v. cavity of septum pellucidum
fourth v. a cavity of irregular tentlike shape extending from the obex rostralward to its communication with the sylvian aqueduct, enclosed between the cerebellum dorsally and the rhombencephalic tegmentum ventrally, having a rhomboid-shaped floor (rhomboid fossa) and a tentlike roof which in its caudal part is formed by the tela choroidea and the posterior medullary velum, in its middle part by the white matter of the cerebellum, and in its narrowing rostral part (recessus superior) by the anterior medullary velum. The fourth v. reaches its greatest width at the pontomedullary transition, where it expands laterally behind the cerebellar peduncles into the spoutlike lateral recess, and its greatest height at the fastigial recess, which reaches up into the cerebellar white matter. Direct communication of the brain's v. system and the subarachnoid space is established at the level of the fourth v. by a median opening in the tela choroidea, the medial aperture of Magendie's foramen, which opens into the cerebellomedullary cistern, and on both sides by the lateral aperture or foramen of Luschka, which connects the lateral recess with the interpeduncular cistern.ventriculus quartus [NA], v. of rhombencephalon;
v.'s of heart one of the two lower chambers of the heart.ventriculus cordis [NA];
laryngeal v. the recess in each lateral wall of the larynx between the vestibular and vocal folds and into which the layrngeal sacculus opens.ventriculus laryngis [NA], laryngeal sinus, Morgagni's sinus (3), Morgagni's v., sinus laryngeus;
lateral v. a cavity shaped somewhat like a horseshoe in conformity with the general shape of the hemisphere; each lateral v. communicates with the third v. through the interventricular foramen of Monro, and expands from there forward into the frontal lobe as the anterior horn as well as caudally over the thalamus as the central part or cella media which, behind the thalamus, curves ventrally and laterally, then forward into the temporal lobe as the inferior horn; from the apex of the curve a variably sized posterior horn extends back into the white matter of the occipital lobe. The large choroid plexus of the lateral v. invades the cella media and the inferior horn (but not the anterior and posterior horn) from the medial side.ventriculus lateralis [NA], v. of cerebral hemisphere;
left v. the lower chamber on the left side of the heart that receives the arterial blood from the left atrium and drives it by the contraction of its walls into the aorta.ventriculus sinister [NA];
Morgagni's v. laryngeal v
v. of rhombencephalon fourth v
right v. the lower chamber on the right side of the heart which receives the venous blood from the right atrium and drives it by the contraction of its walls into the pulmonary artery.ventriculus dexter [NA];
single v. congenital absence or near total absence of the ventricular septum.
sixth v. Verga's v
sylvian v. cavity of septum pellucidum
v. of Sylvius cavity of septum pellucidum
terminal v. a dilation of the central canal of the spinal cord at the tip of the medullary cone.ventriculus terminalis [NA];
third v. a narrow, vertically oriented, irregularly quadrilateral cavity in the midplane, extending from the lamina terminalis to the rostral opening of the mesencephalic aqueduct. This v. communicates at its rostrodorsal corner with each of the two lateral v.'s through the left and right interventricular foramen of Monro. Its narrow roof is formed by the tela choroidea which is attached on either side to the tenia thalami; its lateral wall by the medial surface of the thalamus and, below the hypothalamic sulcus, by the hypothalamus which also forms its floor. In lateral profile, the third v. exhibits a number of recesses: in its floor, from before backward, 1) the preoptic recess in the acute angle between the base of the lamina terminalis and the dorsum of the optic chiasm, 2) the infundibular recess extending ventrally into the infundibulum but (in humans) not into the hypophysial stalk, and 3) the mamillary or inframamillary recess caused by the protrusion of the mamillary bodies into the v. From its dorsocaudal corner, the pineal recess extends caudally into the pineal stalk.ventriculus tertius [NA], diacele, v. of diencephalon;
Verga's v. an inconstant, horizontal, slitlike space between the posterior one-third of the corpus callosum and the underlying commissura fornicis (commissura hippocampi; psalterium) resulting from failure of these two commissural plates to fuse completely during fetal development; like the cavity of the septum pellucidum, the space is not a true v. in the sense that it did not develop from the central canal of the neural tube.cavum psalterii, cavum vergae, sixth v;
Vieussens' v. cavity of septum pellucidum
Wenzel's v. cavity of septum pellucidum



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ventricose ventricose (ven´tri-kos)
Bulging or swollen on one side or unequally.



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ventricular ventricular (ven-trik´yu-lar)
Relating to a ventricle, in any sense.ventricularis (1);



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ventricularis ventricularis (ven-trik´yu-la´ris)
1. ventricular 2. thyroepiglottic muscle [Mod. L. fr. L. ventriculus]



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ventricularization ventricularization (ven-trik´yu-lar-i-za´shun)
Transformation of an atrial phenomenon to simulate a ventricular one, especially of the atrial (or venous) pulse tracing in tricuspid regurgitation.



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ventricular ponderance ventricular ponderance (pon´der-ans)
a semiobsolete electrocardiographic term suggesting that one ventricle is either larger or thicker than the other.



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ventriculitis ventriculitis (ven-trik-yu-lI´tis)
Inflammation of the ventricles of the brain. [ventricle + G. -itis, inflammation]



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ventriculo- ventriculo-
A ventricle. [L. ventriculus]



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ventriculoatrial (V-A) ventriculoatrial (V-A) (ven-trik´yu-lo-a´tre-al)
Relating to both ventricles and atria, especially to the sequential passage of conduction in the retrograde direction from ventricle to atrium.



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ventriculocisternostomy ventriculocisternostomy (ven-trik´yu-lo-sis´ter-nos´to-me)
An artificial opening between the ventricles of the brain and the cisterna magna. See also shunt (2); [ventriculo- + L. cisterna, cistern, + G. stoma, mouth]



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ventriculography ventriculography (ven-trik-yu-log´ra-fe)
1. Radiograph demonstration of the cerebral ventricles by direct injection of air or contrast medium; developed and described by Dandy in 1918. Cf. pneumoencephalography. 2. Demonstration of the contractility of the cardiac ventricles by recording serially the distribution of intravenously injected radionuclide or that of radiographic contrast medium injected through an intracardiac catheter. 3. Visualization by roentgenography of a cardiac ventricle by injection of radiopaque contrast material. [ventriculo- + G. graphe, a writing]
radionuclide v. radionuclide angiocardiography See ventriculography.



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ventriculomastoidostomy ventriculomastoidostomy (ven-trik´yu-lo-mas´toy-dos´to-me)
Operation for the establishment of a communication between the lateral cerebral ventricle and the mastoid antrum by means of a polythene tube for the relief of hydrocephalus. See also shunt (2); [ventriculo- + mastoid, + G. stoma, mouth]



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ventriculonector ventriculonector (ven-trik´yu-lo-nek´ter, -tor)
atrioventricular bundle [ventriculo- + L. necto, to join]



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ventriculophasic ventriculophasic (ven-trik´yu-lo-fa´zik)
Influenced by ventricular contraction; applied to the atrial rhythm when this is modified by ventricular contraction; in v. sinus arrhythmia in complete A-V block the sinus impulse immediately following a ventricular contraction usually appears sooner than expected.



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ventriculoplasty ventriculoplasty (ven-trik´yu-lo-plas-te)
Any surgical procedure to repair a defect of one of the ventricles of the heart. [ventriculo- + G. plastos, formed]



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ventriculopuncture ventriculopuncture (ven-trik´yu-lo-punk´chur)
Insertion of a needle into a ventricle.



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ventriculoscopy ventriculoscopy (ven-trik-yu-los´ko-pe)
Direct inspection of a ventricle with an endoscope. [ventriculo- + G. skopeo, to view]



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ventriculostomy ventriculostomy (ven-trik-yu-los´to-me)
Establishment of an opening in a ventricle, usually from the third ventricle to the subarachnoid space to relieve hydrocephalus. See also shunt (2); [ventriculo- + G. stoma, mouth]
third v. an operation to establish an opening from the third ventricle to the prechiasmal and interpeduncular cisterns (Stookey-Scarff operation) or from the third ventricle to the interpeduncular cistern (Dandy operation).



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ventriculosubarachnoid ventriculosubarachnoid (ven-trik´yu-lo-sub-a-rak´noyd)
Relating to the space occupied by the cerebrospinal fluid. [ventriculo- + subarachnoid]



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ventriculotomy ventriculotomy (ven-trik-yu-lot´o-me)
Incision into a ventricle; e.g., into the cerebral third ventricle for the relief of hydrocephalus or into a cardiac ventricle to surgically correct an abnormality.. [ventriculo- + G. tome, incision]



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ventriculus ventriculus, pl. ventriculi (ven-trik´yu-lus, -lI)
1. [NA] * official alternate term for stomach 2. [NA] * official alternate term for ventricle 3. The enlarged posterior portion of the mesenteron of the insect alimentary canal, in which digestion occurs. [L. dim. of venter, belly]
v. cor´dis [NA] ventricles of heart, under ventricle
v. dex´ter [NA] right ventricle
v. laryn´gis [NA] laryngeal ventricle
v. latera´lis [NA] lateral ventricle
v. quar´tus [NA] fourth ventricle
v. quin´tus cavity of septum pellucidum
v. sinis´ter [NA] left ventricle
v. termina´lis [NA] terminal ventricle
v. ter´tius [NA] third ventricle



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ventriduct ventriduct (ven´tri-dukt)
To draw toward the abdomen. [L. venter, belly, + duco, pp. ductus, to lead]



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ventriduction ventriduction (ven-tri-duk´shun)
Drawing toward the abdomen or abdominal wall.



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ventro- ventro-
Ventral. [L. venter, belly]



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ventrocystorrhaphy ventrocystorrhaphy (ven´tro-sis-tor´a-fe)
cystopexy [ventro- + G. kystis, cyst, + rhaphe, suture]



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ventrodorsad ventrodorsad (ven-tro-dor´sad)
In a direction from the venter to the dorsum.



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ventroinguinal ventroinguinal (ven´tro-ing´gwi-nal)
Relating to the abdomen and the groin.



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ventrolateral ventrolateral (ven-tro-lat´e-ral)
Both ventral and lateral, i.e., to the front and to the side.



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ventromedian ventromedian (ven-tro-me´de-an)
Relating to the midline of the ventral surface.



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ventroptosis ventroptosis , ventroptosia (ven-tro-to´sis, -to´se-a)
gastroptosis [ventro- + G. ptosis, a falling]



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ventroscopy ventroscopy (ven-tros´ko-pe)
peritoneoscopy [ventro- + G. skopeo, to view]



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ventrotomy ventrotomy (ven-trot´o-me)
celiotomy [ventro- + G. tome, incision]



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Venturi Venturi
Giovanni B., Italian physicist, 1746-1822. See V. effect, meter, tube.



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venula venula, pl. venulae (ven´yu-la, -le) [NA]
venule [L. dim. of vena, vein]
v. macula´ris infe´rior [NA] inferior macular venule
v. macula´ris supe´rior [NA] superior macular venule
v. media´lis ret´inae [NA] medial venule of retina
v. nasa´lis ret´inae infe´rior [NA] inferior nasal venule of retina
v. nasa´lis ret´inae supe´rior [NA] superior nasal venule of retina
ven´ulae rec´tae re´nis [NA] straight venules of kidney, under venule
ven´ulae stella´tae [NA] the star-shaped groups of venules in the renal cortex.stellate veins, stellate venules, stellulae verheyenii, venae stellatae, Verheyen's stars;
v. tempora´lis ret´inae infe´rior [NA] inferior temporal venule of retina
v. tempora´lis ret´inae supe´rior [NA] superior temporal venule of retina



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venular venular (ven´yu-lar)
Pertaining to venules.venulous;



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venule venule (ven´yul, ve´nul)
A venous radicle continuous with a capillary.venula [NA], capillary vein, veinlet;
high endothelial postcapillary v.'s v.'s in the lymph nodes, tonsils, and Peyer's patches that have a high-walled endothelium through which blood lymphocytes migrate into the lymphatic parenchyma.
inferior macular v. a small tributary of the central vein of the retina that drains the lower part of the macula.venula macularis inferior [NA];
inferior nasal v. of retina the small vein that passes from the inferior medial (nasal) part of the retina to join the central vein.venula nasalis retinae inferior [NA];
inferior temporal v. of retina the small vein that passes from the lower lateral (temporal) part of the retina to enter the central vein.venula temporalis retinae inferior [NA];
medial v. of retina the small vein that passes from the part of the retina between the macula and the optic disk to join the central vein.venula medialis retinae [NA];
nasal v.'s of retina See inferior nasal v. of retina, superior nasal v. of retina.
pericytic v.'s postcapillary v.'s
postcapillary v.'s the microvasculature immediately following the capillaries, ranging in size from 10 to 50 mum, and characterized by investment of pericytes; they are the site of extravasation of blood cells, are particularly sensitive to histamine, and are believed to be important in blood-interstitial fluid exchanges.pericytic v.'s;
stellate v.'s venulae stellatae, under venula
straight v.'s of kidney v.'s that drain the medullary pyramids of the kidney; they open into arcuate veins.venulae rectae renis [NA];
superior macular v. a small tributary of the central vein of the retina that drains the upper part of the macula.venula macularis superior [NA];
superior nasal v. of retina the small vein that drains blood from the upper medial (nasal) part of the retina; it joins the central vein.venula nasalis retinae superior [NA];
superior temporal v. of retina the v. that passes from the upper lateral (temporal) part of the retina to join the central vein.venula temporalis retinae superior [NA];
temporal v.'s of retina See inferior temporal v. of retina, superior temporal v. of retina.



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venulous venulous (ven´yu-lus)
venular



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VER VER
Abbreviation for visual evoked response. See evoked response.



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verapamil verapamil (ver-ap´a-mil)
5-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)methylamino]-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-isopropylvaleronitrile;a calcium channel blocking agent used to treat cardiac arrhythmias and angina pectoris.iproveratril;



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veratric acid veratric acid (ve-rat´rik)
C9H10O4; 3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid;obtained by methylation and subsequent oxidation of protocatechuic acid; present in the seeds of Schoenocaulon officinale (Sabadilla officinarum).



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veratridine veratridine (ver-a-trI´den)
4,9-Epoxycevane-3,4,12,14,16,17,20-heptol 3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoate); 3-veretroyl-veracevine;an alkaloid derived from Veratrum viridae and V. album. Probably responsible for antihypertensive properties of this class of alkaloids.



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veratrine veratrine (ver´a-tren, -trin)
A mixture of alkaloids from the seeds of Schoenocaulon officinale (Sabadilla officinarum) (family Liliaceae), including cevine, cevadine, cevadilline, sabadine, and veratridine; a powder of acrid taste, intensely irritating to the nasal mucous membrane, that has been used as an anodyne counterirritant in neuralgias and arthritis.



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Veratrum Veratrum (ve-ra´trum)
A genus of toxic liliaceous plants. [L. hellebore]
V. al´bum the rhizome has emetic and cathartic actions.
V. vir´ide the dried rhizome and roots contain therapeutically important alkaloids (cevadine, veratridine, jervine, pseudojervine, rubijervine, and several ester alkaloids of the base germine) used in the treatment of hypertensive disorders.



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verbigeration verbigeration (ver-bij-er-a´shun)
Constant repetition of meaningless words or phrases; seen in schizophrenia.catalogia, cataphasia, oral stereotypy; [L. verbum, word, + gero, to carry about]



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verbomania verbomania (ver-bo-ma´ne-a)
An abnormal talkativeness; a psychotic flow of speech. [L. verbum, word, + G. mania, frenzy]



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verdigris verdigris (ver´di-gres, -gris, -gre)
Cupric acetate (normal). [O. Fr. verd, green, de, of, Gris, Greeks]



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verdine verdine (ver´din)
biliverdin



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verdoglobin verdoglobin (ver-do-glo-bin)
Obsolete term for choleglobin.



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verdohemochrome verdohemochrome (ver-do-he´mo-krom)
An intermediate stage in hemoglobin degradation to yield the bile pigments, i.e., hemoglobin yields choleglobin (verdohemoglobin) and the loss of globin leaves v., the precursor of biliverdin.



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verdohemoglobin verdohemoglobin (ver´do-he-mo-glo´bin)
choleglobin



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verdoperoxidase verdoperoxidase (ver´do-per-oks´i-das)
A peroxidase, occurring in leukocytes, that contains a greenish ferriheme; responsible for the peroxidase activity of pus.



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Verga Verga
Andrea, Italian neurologist, 1811-1895. See V.'s ventricle; cavum vergae.



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verge verge (verj)
An edge or margin.
anal v. the transitional zone between the moist, hairless, modified skin of the anal canal and the perianal skin.



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vergence vergence (ver´jens)
A disjunctive movement of the eyes in which the fixation axes are not parallel, as in convergence or divergence. [L. vergo, to incline, to turn]
v. of lens the reciprocal of the principal focal distance used as a measure of the divergence or convergence of parallel rays.



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vergeture vergeture (ver´je-chur)
striae cutis distensae, under stria [Fr. wheal, mark of a lash, fr. L. virga, rod, switch]



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Verheyen Verheyen
Philippe, Flemish anatomist, 1648-1710. See V.'s stars, under star; stellulae verheyenii, under stellula.



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Verhoeff Verhoeff
Frederick H., U.S. ophthalmologist, 1874-1968. See V.'s elastic tissue stain.



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Vermes Vermes (ver´mez)
Archaic term for a subkingdom of the animal kingdom containing worms and wormlike organisms; an unnatural division no longer in taxonomic use. [L. vermis, worm]



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vermi- vermi-
A worm; wormlike. [L. vermis]



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vermicidal vermicidal (ver´mi-sI´dal)
Destructive to worms; specifically, destructive to parasitic intestinal worms. [vermi- + L. caedo, to kill]



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vermicide vermicide (ver´mi-sId)
An agent that kills intestinal parasitic worms. [vermi- + L. caedo, to kill]



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vermicular vermicular (ver-mik´yu-lar)
Relating to, resembling, or moving like a worm. [L. vermiculus, dim. of vermis, worm]



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vermiculation vermiculation (ver-mik-yu-la´shun)
A wormlike movement, as in peristalsis.



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vermicule vermicule (ver´mi-kul)
1. A small worm or wormlike organism or structure. 2. ookinete [L. vermiculus, a small worm]



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vermiculose vermiculose , vermiculous (ver-mik´yu-los, -lus)
1. Wormy; infected with worms or larvae. 2. Wormlike. See also vermiform.



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vermiculus vermiculus (ver-mik´yu-lus)
See vermicule. [L. dim. of vermis, worm]



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vermiform vermiform (ver´mi-form)
Worm-shaped; resembling a worm in form, denoting especially the appendix of the cecum. See also lumbricoid, scolecoid (2); [vermi- + L. forma, form]



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vermifugal vermifugal (ver-mif´yu-gal)
anthelmintic (2) [vermi- + L. fugo, to chase away]



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vermifuge vermifuge (ver´mi-fuj)
anthelmintic (1) [vermi- + L. fugo, to chase away]



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vermilion vermilion (ver-mil´yon) [C.I. 77766]
A red pigment made from cinnabar or red mercuric sulfide.



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vermilionectomy vermilionectomy (ver-mil-yon-ek´to-me)
Excision of the vermilion border. [vermilion border + G. ektome, cutting out]



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vermin vermin (ver´min)
Parasitic insects, such as lice and bedbugs. [L. vermis, a worm]



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verminal verminal (ver´mi-nal)
verminous



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vermination vermination (ver-mi-na´shun)
1. The production or breeding of worms or larvae. 2. Infestation with vermin.



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verminous verminous (ver´mi-nus)
Relating to, caused by, or infested with worms, larvae, or vermin.verminal; [L. verminosus, wormy]



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vermis vermis, pl. vermes (ver´mis, -mez)
1. A worm; any structure or part resembling a worm in shape. 2. [NA] The narrow middle zone between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum; the portion projecting above the level of the hemispheres on the upper surface is called the superior v.; the lower portion, sunken between the two hemispheres and forming the floor of the vallecula, is the inferior v. [L. worm]



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vermix vermix (ver´miks)
vermiform appendix



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Verner Verner
John, U.S. internist, *1927. See V.-Morrison syndrome.



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Vernet Vernet
Maurice, French neurologist, *1887. See V.'s syndrome.



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Verneuil Verneuil
Aristide A., French surgeon, 1823-1895. See V.'s neuroma; hidradenitis axillaris of V.



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Vernier Vernier
Pierre, French mathematician, 1580-1637. See V. acuity.



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vernix vernix (ver´niks)
varnish (dental) [Mod. L.]
v. caseo´sa the fatty substance, consisting of desquamated epithelial cells, lanugo hairs, and sebaceous matter, which covers the skin of the fetus.



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Verocay Verocay
José, Czechoslovakian pathologist, 1876-1927. See V. bodies, under body.



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Veronal Veronal (ver´o-nal)
barbital



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verruca verruca, pl. verrucae (ve-ru´ka, -ke)
A flesh-colored growth characterized by circumscribed hypertrophy of the papillae of the corium, with thickening of the malpighian, granular, and keratin layers of the epidermis, caused by human papilloma virus; also applied to epidermal verrucous tumors of nonviral etiology.verruga, wart; [L.]
v. acumina´ta obsolete term for condyloma acuminatum.
v. digita´ta a wart in which the papillae project like fingers; they occur in groups, often on the scalp.digitate wart;
v. filifor´mis a wart composed of a single or many greatly elongated papillae; appears more commonly on the face and neck.filiform wart;
v. gla´bra a smooth wart.
v. molluscifor´mis condyloma
v. necrogen´ica postmortem wart
v. perua´na , v. peruvia´na verruca peruana
v. pla´na a smooth, flat, flesh-colored wart of small size, occurring in groups, seen especially on the face of the young; often associated with common warts of the hands, due to human papilloma virus, commonly, types 3 and 10.flat wart, plane wart, v. plana juvenilis;
v. pla´na juveni´lis v. plana
v. pla´na seni´lis actinic keratosis
v. planta´ris plantar wart
seborrheic v. seborrheic keratosis
v. seni´lis actinic keratosis
v. sim´plex v. vulgaris
v. vulga´ris a keratotic papilloma of the epidermis which occurs most frequently in young persons as a result of localized infection by human papilloma virus, usually types 2 and 4; the lesions are of variable duration, eventually undergoing spontaneous regression, and are both exophytic and endophytic, with hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, hypergranulosis, koilocytosis, and papillomatosis.common wart, infectious warts, v. simplex, viral wart;



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verruciform verruciform (ve-ru´si-form)
Wart-shaped. [L. verruca, wart, + forma, form]



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verrucose verrucose (ve-ru´kos)
Resembling a wart; denoting wartlike elevations.verrucous; [L. verrucosus]



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verrucosis verrucosis (ver-u-ko´sis)
A condition marked by the appearance of multiple warts. [L. verruca, wart, + G. -osis, condition]
lymphostatic v. mossy foot



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verrucous verrucous (ve-ru´kus)
verrucose



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verruga verruga (ve-ru´ga)
verruca [Sp.]
v. perua´na a late, eruptive stage of bartonellosis; characterized by soft conical or pedunculated vascular papules anywhere on the skin or mucous membranes from miliary size to several centimeters, resolving without scars after a few months.hemorrhagic pian, Peruvian wart, verruca peruana, verruca peruviana;



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versicolor versicolor (ver-si-kol´or)
Variegated; marked by a variety of color. [L. particolored, fr. verso, to turn, twist, + color, color]



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version version (ver´zhun, -shun)
1. Displacement of the uterus, with tilting of the entire organ without bending upon itself; such displacement may be anteversion, retroversion, or lateroversion. 2. Change of position of the fetus in the uterus, occurring spontaneously or effected by manipulation. 3. inclination 4. Conjugate rotation of the eyes in the same direction; such rotation may be dextroversion, levoversion, supraversion, or infraversion. [L. verto, pp. versus, to turn]
bimanual v. turning of the baby in utero, performed by the hands acting upon both extremities of the fetus; it may be external v. or combined v.bipolar v;
bipolar v. bimanual v
Braxton Hicks v. obsolete term for internal v. of the fetus, substituting the breech for the head as the leading pole.
cephalic v. v. in which the fetus is turned so that the head presents; can be external cephalic v. or internal cephalic v. See also external cephalic v., internal cephalic v.
combined v. bipolar v. by means of one hand in the vagina, the other on the abdominal wall.
external cephalic v. v. performed entirely by external manipulation. See also cephalic v.
internal cephalic v. v. performed by means of one hand within the vagina. See also cephalic v.
pelvic v. v. by means of which a transverse or oblique presentation is converted into a pelvic presentation by manipulating the buttocks of the fetus.
podalic v. a manual procedure that results in a podalic extraction.
postural v. nonmanual v. obtained by changing the position of the mother.
Potter's v. obsolete term for a v. in which both feet are brought down until the buttocks are delivered, the back is then rotated to an anterior position, the arms and shoulders are delivered by twisting and downward movements.
spontaneous v. turning of the fetus effected by the unaided contraction of the uterine muscle.
Wright's v. a cephalic v. employed in cases of shoulder presentation when the shoulders are pushed upward while the breech is moved toward the center of the uterus by the other hand; the head is then guided into the pelvis.



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vertebra vertebra, gen and pl. vertebrae (ver´te-bra, -bre) [NA]
One of the segments of the spinal column; in man there are usually 33 vertebrae, 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused into one bone, the sacrum), and 4 coccygeal (fused into one bone, the coccyx). [L. joint, fr. verto, to turn]
basilar v. the lowest lumbar v.
block vertebrae congenitally fused and hypoplastic vertebral bodies which, on radiographs, give the appearance of a more or less solid bony mass. See Klippel-Feil syndrome.
butterfly v. a hemivertebra or sagittally cleft v. that has a butterfly configuration on frontal radiographs; congenital in origin.
caudal vertebrae the vertebrae that form the skeleton of the tail.
cervical vertebrae the seven segments of the vertebral column located in the neck.vertebrae cervicales [NA];
ver´tebrae cervica´les [NA] cervical vertebrae
ver´tebrae coccyg´eae [NA] coccygeal vertebrae
coccygeal vertebrae [Co-1-Co-4]; the four terminal segments of the vertebral column, usually fused to form the coccyx.vertebrae coccygeae [NA], tail vertebrae;
codfish vertebrae exaggeration of the concavity of the upper and lower end plates of the vertebrae, as demonstrated radiographically in various types of osteopenia.
cranial v. a segment of the skull regarded as homologous with a segment of the vertebral column.
v. denta´ta axis (5)
dorsal vertebrae [L1-L4] an archaic term for thoracic vertebrae.
false vertebrae the fused vertebral segments of the sacrum and coccyx.vertebrae spuriae;
hourglass vertebrae the radiographic appearance of some vertebrae in osteogenesis imperfecta tarda.
H-shape vertebrae sharply delimited depression of the central portion of the endplates of the vertebrae, producing a stocky "H" shape on radiographs, as in sickle cell anemia.
ivory v. a radiographically dense v., usually from metastatic disease, especially lymphoma when solitary.
ver´tebrae lumba´les [NA] lumbar vertebrae
lumbar vertebrae the vertebrae, usually five in number, located in the lumbar region of the back.vertebrae lumbales [NA];
v. mag´na sacrum
odontoid v. axis (5)
picture frame v. radiographically diminished density of trabecular bone with relative preservation of the cortex, a sign of osteopenia.
v. pla´na spondylitis with reduction of vertebral body to a thin disk.
v. prom´inens [NA] the v. in the cervicothoracic region which has the most prominent spinous process (seventh cervical v. in 70% of the cases, sixth in 20%, and first thoracic v. in 10%).nuchal tubercle;
rugger jersey v. appearance of a vertebral body with horizontal sclerotic bands adjacent to the endplates; associated with renal osteodystrophy.
sacral vertebrae [S1-S5] the segments of the vertebral column, usually five in number, that fuse to form the sacrum.vertebrae sacrales [NA];
ver´tebrae sacra´les [NA] sacral vertebrae
ver´tebrae spu´riae false vertebrae
tail vertebrae coccygeal vertebrae
thoracic vertebrae [T1-T12] the segments of the vertebral column, usually twelve, which articulate with ribs to form part of the thoracic cage.vertebrae thoracicae [NA];
ver´tebrae thora´cicae [NA] thoracic vertebrae
toothed v. axis (5)
true v. any one of the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar vertebrae.v. vera;
v. ve´ra true v



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vertebral vertebral (ver´te-bral)
Relating to a vertebra or the vertebrae.



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vertebrarium vertebrarium (ver-te-bra´re-um)
vertebral column [Mod. L.]



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Vertebrata Vertebrata (ver-te-brah´ta, -bra´ta)
The vertebrates, a major division of the phylum Chordata, consisting of those animals with a dorsal hollow nerve cord enclosed in a cartilaginous or bony spinal column; includes several classes of fishes, and the amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.Craniata; [L. vertebratus, jointed]



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vertebrate vertebrate (ver´te-brat)
1. Having a vertebral column. 2. An animal having vertebrae.
notochordal v. a lower v. in which the notochord persists, unossified, in adult life.



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vertebrated vertebrated (ver´te-brat-ed)
Jointed; composed of segments arranged longitudinally as in certain instruments.



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vertebrectomy vertebrectomy (ver´te-brek´to-me)
Resection of a vertebral body. [vertebra + G. ektome, excision]



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vertebro- vertebro-
A vertebra, vertebral. [L. vertebra]



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vertebroarterial vertebroarterial (ver´te-bro-ar-ter´e-al)
Relating to a vertebra and an artery, or to the vertebral artery.



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vertebrochondral vertebrochondral (ver´te-bro-kon´dral)
Denoting the three false ribs (eighth, ninth, and tenth), which are connected with the vertebrae at one extremity and the costal cartilages at the other, these cartilages not articulating directly with the sternum.vertebrocostal (2); [vertebro- + G. chondros, cartilage]



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vertebrocostal vertebrocostal (ver´te-bro-kos´tal)
1. costovertebral 2. vertebrochondral [vertebro- + L. costa, rib]



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vertebrofemoral vertebrofemoral (ver-te-bro-fem´o-ral)
Relating to the vertebrae and the femur.



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vertebroiliac vertebroiliac (ver´te-bro-il´e-ak)
Relating to the vertebrae and the ilium.



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vertebrosacral vertebrosacral (ver-te-bro-sa´kral)
Relating to the vertebrae and the sacrum.



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vertebrosternal vertebrosternal (ver´te-bro-ster´nal)
sternovertebral



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vertex vertex, pl. vertices (ver´teks, ver´ti-sez)
1. [NA] The topmost point of the vault of the skull, a landmark in craniometry. 2. In obstetrics, the portion of the fetal head bounded by the planes of the trachelobregmatic and biparietal diameters, with the posterior fontanel at the apex. [L. whirl, whorl]
v. cor´dis apex of heart
v. of cornea the central part of the cornea, slightly thinner than the peripheral part.v. corneae [NA];
v. cor´neae [NA] v. of cornea



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vertical vertical (ver´ti-kal)
1. Relating to the vertex, or crown of the head. 2. Perpendicular. 3. Denoting any plane or line that passes longitudinally through the body in the anatomical position.verticalis [NA];



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verticalis verticalis (ver-ti-ka´lis) [NA]
vertical [L.]



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vertices vertices (ver´ti-sez)
Plural of vertex.



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verticil verticil (ver´ti-sil)
A collection of similar parts radiating from a common axis.vortex (1), whorl (4); [L. verticillus, the whirl of a spindle, dim. of vertex, a whirl]



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verticillate verticillate (ver´ti-sil´at)
Disposed in the form of a verticil.



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Verticillium Verticillium (ver-ti-sil´e-um)
A genus of hyphomycetous fungi often found in clinical specimens as contaminants. They are occasionally found in the meatus in cases of otitis externa, but are of doubtful pathogenicity. [L. verticillus, the whirl of a spindle]



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verticomental verticomental (ver-ti-ko-men´tal)
Relating to the crown of the head and the chin; denoting a diameter in craniometry.



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vertiginous vertiginous (ver-tij´i-nus)
Relating to or suffering from vertigo.



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vertigo vertigo (ver´ti-go, ver-tI´go)
1. A sensation of spinning or whirling motion. V. implies a definite sensation of rotation of the subject or of objects about the subject in any plane. 2. Imprecisely used as a general term to describe dizziness. [L. vertigo (vertigin-), dizziness, fr. verto, to turn]
v. ab au´re lae´so v. dependent upon chronic middle ear lesions.
auditory v. Ménière's disease
aural v. 1. v. caused by disease of the internal ear or pressure of cerumen on the drum membrane. 2. nonspecific term for v. caused by labyrinthine disorders.
benign paroxysmal postural v. a recurrent, brief form of postural v. occurring in clusters; believed to result from displaced remnants of utricular otoconia.cupulolithiasis;
benign positional v. brief attacks of paroxysmal v. and nystagmus that occur solely with certain head movements or positions, e.g., with neck extension; due to labyrinthine dysfunction.positional v. of Bárány, postural v. (1);
Charcot's v. tussive syncope
chronic v. status vertiginosus
endemic paralytic v. vestibular neuronitis
epidemic v. vestibular neuronitis
gastric v. v. symptomatic of disease of the stomach.Trousseau's syndrome (1);
height v. dizziness experienced when looking down from a great height or in looking up at a high building or cliff.vertical v. (1);
horizontal v. dizziness experienced on lying down.
hysterical v. a sensation of dizziness, as from a whirling motion, whose etiology is psychosomatic.
labyrinthine v. Ménière's disease
laryngeal v. tussive syncope
lateral v. dizziness caused by watching the telegraph poles and fences from the window of a fast-moving vehicle.
mechanical v. v. caused by continued rotation or vibration of the body.
nocturnal v. a feeling of falling when dropping off to sleep.
ocular v. dizziness attributed to refractive errors or imbalance of the extrinsic muscles.
organic v. v. due to brain damage.
paralyzing v. vestibular neuronitis
physiologic v. space sickness
positional v. of Bárány benign positional v
postural v. 1. benign positional v 2. light-headedness that appears particularly in elderly people with change of position, usually from lying or sitting to standing; due to orthostatic hypotension.
sham-movement v. dizziness accompanied by an impression that the body is rotating or that objects are rotating about the body.gyrosa;
vertical v. 1. height v 2. dizziness experienced when standing upright.



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vertometer vertometer (ver-tom´e-ter)
lensometer [vertex + G. metron, measure]



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verumontanitis verumontanitis (ver´u-mon-ta-nI´tis)
colliculitis [see verumontanum]



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verumontanum verumontanum (ver-u-mon-ta´num)
seminal colliculus [L. veru, a spit, + montanus, mountainous]



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vesalianum vesalianum (ve-sa´le-a´num)
os vesalianum



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Vesalius Vesalius , Wesal , Vesal
Andreas (Andre), Flemish anatomist, 1514-1564. See V.'s bone, foramen, vein.



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vesic- vesic-
See vesico-.



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vesica vesica, gen and pl. vesicae (ve sI´ ka, ve sI´ se; -ke)
1. [NA] bladder 2. Any hollow structure or sac, normal or pathologic, containing a serous fluid. [L.]
v. bilia´ris [NA] gallbladder
v. fel´lea [NA] * official alternate term for gallbladder
v. prostat´ica prostatic utricle
v. urina´ria [NA] urinary bladder



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vesical vesical (ves´i-kal)
Relating to any bladder, but usually the urinary bladder.



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vesicant vesicant (ves´i-kant)
An agent that produces a vesicle.blister agent, epispastic, vesicatory;



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vesicate vesicate (ves´i-kat)
To form a vesicle.



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vesication vesication (ves-i-ka´shun)
vesiculation (1)



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vesicatory vesicatory (ves´i-ka-tor-e)
vesicant



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vesicle vesicle (ves´i-kl)
1. vesicula 2. A small (less than 0.5 cm) circumscribed elevation of the skin containing fluid. See also bleb, blister, bulla. 3. A small sac containing liquid or gas. [L. vesicula, a blister, dim. of vesica, bladder]
acoustic v. auditory v
acrosomal v. a v. derived from the Golgi apparatus during spermiogenesis whose limiting membrane adheres to the nuclear envelope; together with the acrosomal granule within, it spreads in a thin layer over the pole of the nucleus to form the acrosomal cap.
air v.'s pulmonary alveolus
allantoic v. the hollow portion of the allantois.
amniocardiac v. the rostral portion of the most primitive intraembryonic celom.
auditory v. one of the paired sacs of invaginated ectoderm that develop into the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear.acoustic v., otic v;
Baer's v. obsolete term for vesicular ovarian follicle.
blastodermic v. blastocyst
cerebral v. each of the three divisions of the early embryonic brain (prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon).encephalic v., primary brain v;
cervical v. an abnormally persisting vestige of the cervical sinus or its associated branchial grooves.
coated v. a v. that has its biomembrane coated with the protein clathrin. It is involved in the transport of proteins from one membrane site to another.
encephalic v. cerebral v
forebrain v. prosencephalon
germinal v. archaic term for the nucleus of the ovum.
hindbrain v. rhombencephalon
lens v. in the embryo, the ectodermal invagination that forms opposite the optic cup; it is the primordium of the lens of the eye.lenticular v;
lenticular v. lens v
malpighian v.'s the minute air-filled v.'s on the surface of an expanded lung.
midbrain v. mesencephalon
ocular v. ophthalmic v
ophthalmic v. in the embryo, one of the paired evaginations from the ventrolateral walls of the forebrain from which the sensory and pigment layers of the retina develop.vesicula ophthalmica [NA], ocular v., optic v;
optic v. ophthalmic v
otic v. auditory v
pinocytotic v. a v., a fraction of a micrometer in diameter, containing fluid or solute being ingested into a cell by endocytosis. See also pinocytosis.
primary brain v. cerebral v
seminal v. one of two folded, sacculated, glandular structures which is a diverticulum of the ductus deferens; its secretion is one of the components of the semen; it normally does not store spermatozoa as was thought historically.glandula seminalis [NA], vesicula seminalis [NA], gonecyst, gonecystis, seminal capsule, seminal gland;
synaptic v.'s the small (average diameter 30 nm), intracellular, membrane-bound v.'s near the presynaptic membrane of a synaptic junction, containing the transmitter substance which, in chemical synapses, mediates the passage of nerve impulses across the junction. See also synapse.
telencephalic v. paired diverticula arising from the prosencephalon, from which the forebrain develops.
umbilical v. yolk sac



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vesico- vesico- , vesic-
A vesica, vesicle. See also vesiculo-. [L. vesica, bladder]



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vesicoabdominal vesicoabdominal (ves´i-ko-ab-dom´i-nal)
Relating to the urinary bladder and the abdominal wall.



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vesicobullous vesicobullous (ves´i-ko-bul´us)
Denoting an eruption of variously sized lesions containing fluid.



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vesicocele vesicocele (ves´i-ko-sel)
cystocele



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vesicocervical vesicocervical (ves´i-ko-ser´vi-kal)
Relating to the urinary bladder and the cervix of the uterus.



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vesicoclysis vesicoclysis (ves´i-kok´li-sis)
Washing out, or lavage, of the urinary bladder. [vesico- + G. klysis, a washing out]



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vesicointestinal vesicointestinal (ves´i-ko-in-tes´ti-nal)
Relating to the urinary bladder and the intestine; e.g., vesicointestinal fistula.



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vesicolithiasis vesicolithiasis (ves´i-ko-li-thI´a-sis)
cystolithiasis [vesico- + G. lithos, stone, + -iasis, condition]



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vesicoprostatic vesicoprostatic (ves´i-ko-pros-tat´ik)
Relating to the bladder and the prostate gland.



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vesicopubic vesicopubic (ves´i-ko-pyu´bik)
Relating to the bladder and the os pubis.



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vesicopustular vesicopustular (ves´i-ko-pus´tyu-lar)
Pertaining to a vesicopustule.vesiculopustular (1);



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vesicopustule vesicopustule (ves´i-ko-pus´tyul)
A vesicle which is developing pus formation.



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vesicorectal vesicorectal (ves´i-ko-rek´tal)
Relating to the bladder and the rectum.



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vesicorectostomy vesicorectostomy (ves´i-ko-rek-tos´to-me)
Surgical urinary tract diversion by anastomosis of the posterior bladder wall to the rectum. [vesico- + rectum + G. stoma, mouth]



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vesicosigmoid vesicosigmoid (ves´i-ko-sig´moyd)
Relating to the bladder and the sigmoid colon.



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vesicosigmoidostomy vesicosigmoidostomy (ves´I-ko-sig-moy-dos´to-me)
Operative formation of a communication between the bladder and the sigmoid colon. [vesico- + sigmoid + G. stoma, mouth]



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vesicospinal vesicospinal (ves´i-ko-spI´nal)
Relating to the urinary bladder and the spinal cord; denoting the neural mechanisms that control retention and evacuation of urine by the bladder, located in the second lumbar and second sacral segment, respectively, of the spinal cord.



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vesicostomy vesicostomy (ves´i-kos´to-me)
cystostomy [vesico- + G. stoma, mouth]



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vesicotomy vesicotomy (ves´i-kot´o-me)
cystotomy



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vesicoumbilical vesicoumbilical (ves´i-ko-um-bil´i-kal)
Relating to the urinary bladder and the umbilicus.omphalovesical;



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vesicoureteral vesicoureteral (ves´i-ko-yu-re´ter-al)
Relating to the bladder and the ureters.



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vesicourethral vesicourethral (ves´i-ko-yu-re´thral)
Relating to the bladder and the urethra.



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vesicouterine vesicouterine (ves´i-ko-yu´ter-in)
Relating to the bladder and the uterus.



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vesicouterovaginal vesicouterovaginal (ves´i-ko-yu´ter-o-vaj´i-nal)
Relating to the bladder, uterus, and vagina.



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vesicovaginal vesicovaginal (ves-i-ko-vaj´i-nal)
Relating to the bladder and vagina.



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vesicovaginorectal vesicovaginorectal (ves´i-ko-vaj´i-no-rek´tal)
Relating to the bladder, vagina, and rectum.



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vesicovisceral vesicovisceral (ves´i-ko-vis´er-al)
Relating to the urinary bladder and any other adjacent organ or viscus.



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vesicula vesicula, gen and pl. vesiculae (ve-sik´yu-la, -le)
A small bladder or bladder-like structure.vesicle (1); [L. blister, vesicle, dim. of vesica, bladder]
v. fel´lis gallbladder
v. ophthal´mica [NA] ophthalmic vesicle
v. semina´lis [NA] seminal vesicle
v. umbilica´lis yolk sac



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vesicular vesicular (ve-sik´yu-lar)
1. Relating to a vesicle. 2. Characterized by or containing vesicles.vesiculate (2), vesiculated, vesiculose, vesiculous;



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vesiculate vesiculate (ve-sik´yu-lat)
1. To become vesicular. 2. vesicular (2)



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vesiculated vesiculated (ve-sik´yu-lat-ed)
vesicular (2)



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vesiculation vesiculation (ve-sik´yu-la´shun)
1. The formation of vesicles.blistering, vesication; 2. inflation 3. Presence of a number of vesicles.



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vesiculectomy vesiculectomy (ve-sik´yu-lek´to-me)
Resection of a portion or all of each of the seminal vesicles. [L. vesicula, vesicle, + G. ektome, excision]



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vesiculiform vesiculiform (ve-sik´yu-li-form)
Resembling a vesicle.



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vesiculitis vesiculitis (ve-sik-yu-lI´tis)
Inflammation of any vesicle; especially of a seminal vesicle. [L. vesicula, vesicle, + G. -itis, inflammation]



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vesiculo- vesiculo-
A vesicle. [L. vesicula, vesicle, dim. of vesica, bladder]



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vesiculobronchial vesiculobronchial (ve-sik´yu-lo-brong´ke-al)
Denoting an auscultatory sound having both a vesicular and a bronchial quality.



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vesiculocavernous vesiculocavernous (ve-sik´yu-lo-kav´er-nus)
Both vesicular and cavernous; denoting: 1. An auscultatory sound having both a vesicular and a cavernous quality; 2. The structure of certain neoplasms.



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vesiculography vesiculography (ve-sik-yu-log´ra-fI)
Radiographic contrast study of the seminal vesicles. [vesiculo- + G. grapho, to write]



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vesiculopapular vesiculopapular (ve-sik´yu-lo-pap´yu-lar)
Pertaining to or consisting of a combination of vesicles and papules, or of papules becoming increasingly edematous with sufficient collection of fluid to form vesicles.



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vesiculoprostatitis vesiculoprostatitis (ve-sik´yu-lo-pros´ta-tI´tis)
Inflammation of the bladder and prostate. [vesiculo- + prostate + G. -itis, inflammation]



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vesiculopustular vesiculopustular (ve-sik´yu-lo-pus´tyu-lar)
1. vesicopustular 2. Pertaining to a mixed eruption of vesicles and pustules.



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vesiculose vesiculose (ve-sik´yu-los)
vesicular (2)



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vesiculotomy vesiculotomy (ve-sik-yu-lot´o-me)
Surgical incision of the seminal vesicles. [vesiculo- + G. tome, incision]



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vesiculotubular vesiculotubular (ve-sik´yu-lo-tu´byu-ler)
Denoting an auscultatory sound having both a vesicular and a tubular quality.



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vesiculotympanic vesiculotympanic (ve-sik´yu-lo-tim-pan´ik)
Denoting a percussion sound having both a vesicular and a tympanic quality.



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vesiculous vesiculous (ve-sik´yu-lus)
vesicular (2)



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Vesiculovirus Vesiculovirus (ve-sik´yu-lo-vI´rus)
A genus of viruses (family Rhabdoviridae) that includes the vesicular stomatitis virus (of cattle) and related viruses.



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vesp. vesp. (ves´per)
Abbreviation for L. vesper, evening. [L. evening]



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vessel vessel (ves´el)
A structure conveying or containing a fluid, especially a liquid. See also vas. [O. Fr. fr. L. vascellum, dim. of vas]
absorbent v.'s lymph v.'s
afferent v. 1. any artery conveying blood to a part; 2. afferent glomerular arteriole 3. afferent lymphatic
anastomosing v. a v. that establishes a connection between arteries, between veins, or between lymph v.'s.vas anastomoticum [NA];
blood v. See blood vessel.
capillary v. capillary (2) See blood capillary, lymph capillary.
chyle v. lacteal (2)
collateral v. 1. a branch of an artery running parallel with the parent trunk; 2. a v. that runs in parallel with another v., nerve, or other long structure.vas collaterale [NA];
deep lymphatic v. one of the v.'s that drain lymph from the deep structures of the body; they tend to follow the courses of blood v.'s to reach regional lymph nodes.vas lymphaticum profundum [NA];
efferent v. efferent glomerular arteriole
v.'s of internal ear blood v.'s of the internal ear, consisting of the labyrinthine artery and its branches and the labyrinthine veins and their tributaries.vasa auris internae [NA];
lacteal v. lacteal (2)
lymph v.'s the v.'s that convey the lymph; they anastomose freely with each other.vasa lymphatica [NA], absorbent v.'s, lymphatic v.'s, lymphatics;
lymphatic v.'s lymph v.'s
nutrient v. nutrient artery
superficial lymphatic v. one of the lymphatic v.'s that lie in the skin and subcutaneous tissues; they join the deep lymphatic v.'s.vas lymphaticum superficiale [NA];
v.'s of vessels vasa vasorum, under vas
vitelline v.'s See vitelline artery, vitelline vein.



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vestibula vestibula (ves-tib´yu-la)
Plural of vestibulum.



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vestibular vestibular (ves-tib´yu-lar)
Relating to a vestibule, especially the vestibule of the ear.vestibularis [NA];



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vestibularis vestibularis (ves-tib-yu-la´ris) [NA]
vestibular, vestibular [L.]



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vestibulate vestibulate (ves-tib´yu-lat)
Possessing a vestibule.



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vestibule vestibule (ves´ti-bul)
1. A small cavity or a space at the entrance of a canal. 2. Specifically, the central, somewhat ovoid, cavity of the osseous labyrinth communicating with the semicircular canals posteriorly and the cochlea anteriorly.vestibulum [NA]; [L. vestibulum]
aortic v. the anterosuperior portion of the left ventricle of the heart immediately below the aortic orifice, having fibrous walls and affording room for the segments of the closed aortic valve.Sibson's aortic v., vestibulum aortae;
buccal v. that part of the oral vestibule related to the cheek.
esophagogastric v. gastroesophageal v
gastroesophageal v. the dilated aboral portion of the esophagus, just above the cardiac orifice; usually it corresponds to the lumen of abdominal part of the esophagus although its relation to the diaphragm is variable.esophagogastric v;
labial v. that part of the oval vestibule related to the lips.
v. of larynx the upper part of the laryngeal cavity from the superior aperture to the vestibular folds, bounded anteriorly by the epiglottis, laterally by themucosa overlying the quadrangular membranes and posteriorly by the mucosa overlying the arytenoid cartilages and arytenoideus muscle.vestibulum laryngis [NA], atrium glottidis, superior laryngeal cavity;
v. of mouth oral v
v. of nose the anterior part of the nasal cavity, especially that enclosed by cartilage.vestibulum nasi [NA];
v. of omental bursa the upper part of the bursa omentalis, just within the epiploic foramen (of Winslow), behind the caudate lobe of the liver.vestibulum bursae omentalis [NA];
oral v. that part of the mouth bounded anteriorly and laterally by the lips and the cheeks, posteriorly and medially by the teeth and/or gums, and above and below by the reflections of the mucosa from the lips and cheeks to the gums.vestibulum oris [NA], buccal cavity, v. of mouth;
Sibson's aortic v. aortic v
v. of vagina the space behind the glans clitoridis and between the labia minora, containing the openings of the vagina, urethra, and ducts of the greater vestibular glands.vestibulum vaginae [NA], vaginal introitus, vestibulum pudendi;



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vestibulitis vestibulitis
An inflammation of the vulvar vestibule and the periglandular and subepithelial stroma characterized by burning sensation and painful coitus.



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vestibulo- vestibulo-
Vestibule, vestibulum. [L. vestibulum]



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vestibulocerebellum vestibulocerebellum (ves-tib´yu-lo-ser-e-bel´um)
Those regions of the cerebellar cortex whose predominant afferent fibers arise from the ganglion vestibulare and the vestibular nuclei; structures included under this term are nodulus, flocculus, ventral parts of the uvula and small ventral parts of the lingula.archeocerebellum; [vestibulo- + L. cerebellum]



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vestibulocochlear vestibulocochlear (ves-tib´yu-lo-kok´le-ar)
1. Relating to the vestibulum and cochlea of the ear. 2. statoacoustic



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vestibulopathy vestibulopathy (ves-tib´u-lop´a-the)
Any abnormality of the vestibular apparatus, e.g., Ménière's disease.
idiopathic bilateral v. slowly progressive disorder affecting young to middle-aged adults, manifested as gait unsteadiness (especially when visual cues are absent) and oscillopsia, unaccompanied by vertigo and hearing loss.



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vestibuloplasty vestibuloplasty (ves-tib´yu-lo-plas-te)
Any of a series of surgical procedures designed to restore alveolar ridge height by lowering muscles attaching to the buccal, labial, and lingual aspects of the jaws. [vestibulo- + G. plasso, to form]



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vestibulospinal vestibulospinal (ves-tib´yu-lo-spI´nal)
See vestibulospinal tract.



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vestibulotomy vestibulotomy (ves-tib´yu-lot´o-me)
Operation for an opening into the vestibule of the labyrinth. [vestibulo- + G. tome, incision]



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vestibulourethral vestibulourethral (ves-tib´yu-lo-u-re´thral)
Relating to the vestibule of the vagina and urethra.



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vestibulum vestibulum, pl. vestibula (ves-tib´yu-lum, -la) [NA]
vestibule [L. antechamber, entrance court]
v. aor´tae aortic vestibule
v. bur´sae omenta´lis [NA] vestibule of omental bursa
v. laryn´gis [NA] vestibule of larynx
v. na´si [NA] vestibule of nose
v. o´ris [NA] oral vestibule
v. puden´di vestibule of vagina
v. vagi´nae [NA] vestibule of vagina



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vestige vestige (ves´tij)
A trace or a rudimentary structure; the degenerated remains of any structure which occurs as an entity in the embryo or fetus.vestigium; [L. vestigium]
v. of processus vaginalis incompletely obliterated remnants of the vaginal process of the peritoneum remaining in the spermatic cord.vestigium processus vaginalis [NA], v. of vaginal process;
v. of vaginal process v. of processus vaginalis



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vestigial vestigial (ves-tij´e-al)
Relating to a vestige.



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vestigium vestigium, pl. vestigia (ves-tij´e-um, -a)
vestige [L. footprint (trace), fr. vestigo, to track, trace]
v. proces´sus vagina´lis [NA] vestige of processus vaginalis



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vesuvin vesuvin (ve-su´vin) [C.I. 21000]
Bismarck brown Y [Vesuvius, volcano in Italy]



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veterinarian veterinarian (vet´e-rin-ar´e-an)
A person who holds an academic degree in veterinary medicine; a licensed practitioner of veterinary medicine. [see veterinary]



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Veterinarian's Oath Veterinarian's Oath
The official oath of the veterinary profession, adopted by the American Veterinary Medical Association in 1954: "Being admitted to the profession of veterinary medicine, I solemnly dedicate myself and the knowledge I possess to the benefit of society, to the conservation of our livestock resources and to the relief of suffering of animals. I will practice my profession conscientiously with dignity. The health of my patients, the best interest of their owners, and the welfare of my fellow man, will be my primary considerations. I will, at all times, be humane and temper pain with anesthesia where indicated. I will not use my knowledge contrary to the laws of humanity, nor in contravention to the ethical code of my profession. I will uphold and strive to advance the honor and noble traditions of the veterinary profession. These pledges I make freely in the eyes of God and upon my honor."



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veterinary veterinary (vet´e-rin-ar-e)
Relating to the diseases of animals. [L. veterinarius, fr. veterina, beast of burden]



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VHDL VHDL
Abbreviation for very high density lipoprotein. See lipoprotein.



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via via, pl. viae (vI´a, vI´e; ve´a)
Any passage in the body, as the intestine, the vagina, etc. [L. way, road]



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viability viability (vI-a-bil´i-te)
Capability of living; the state of being viable; usually connotes a fetus that has reached 500 g in weight and 20 gestational weeks. [Fr. viabilité fr. L. vita, life]



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viable viable (vI´a-bl)
Capable of living; denoting a fetus sufficiently developed to live outside of the uterus. [Fr. fr. vie, life, fr. L. vita]



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vial vial (vI´al)
A small bottle or receptacle for holding liquids, including medicines.phial; [G. phiale, a drinking cup]



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vibesate vibesate (vI´be-sat)
A mixture of polvinate and malrosinol in organic solvent and a propellant; a modified polyvinyl plastic used as a topical spray for wounds.



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vibration vibration (vI-bra´shun)
1. A shaking. 2. A to-and-fro movement, as in oscillation. [L. vibratio, fr. vibro, pp. -atus, to quiver, shake]



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vibrative vibrative (vI´bra-tiv)
vibratory



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vibrator vibrator (vI´bra-ter, tor)
An instrument used for imparting vibrations.



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vibratory vibratory (vI´bra-tor-e)
Marked by vibrations.vibrative;



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Vibrio Vibrio (vib´re-o)
A genus of motile (occasionally nonmotile), nonsporeforming, aerobic to facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria (family Spirillaceae) containing short (0.5 to 3.0 mum), curved or straight rods which occur singly or which are occasionally united into S-shapes or spirals. Motile cells contain a single polar flagellum; in some species, two or more flagella occur in one polar tuft. Some of these organisms are saprophytes in salt and fresh water and in soil; others are parasites or pathogens. The type species is V. cholerae. [L. vibro, to vibrate]
V. alginolyt´icus a species associated with wound and ear infections, and with bacteremia in immunocompromised and in burn patients.
V. chol´erae a species that produces a soluble exotoxin (permeability factor) and is the cause of cholera in man; it is the type species of the genus V.cholera bacillus, comma bacillus, Koch's bacillus (2);
V. fe´tus former name for Campylobacter fetus.
V. fluvia´lis a species, similar to strains of Aeromonas, associated with diarrheal disease in humans.
V. furnis´sii an aerogenic strain, similar to V. fluvialis, associated with diarrheal disease and outbreaks of gastroenteritis.
V. hol´lisae species which can cause dysentery in humans.
V. metschniko´vii a species causing acute enteric disease in chickens and other avian species; also isolated from human stool.
V. mim´icus a sucrose-negative strain, similar to V. cholerae, isolated from human stool in diarrheal disease and from human ear infections.
V. parahaemolyt´icus a marine species that causes gastroenteritis and bloody diarrhea, usually from eating contaminated shellfish.
V. sputo´rum former name for Campylobacter sputorum.
V. vulnif´icus a species capable of causing cutaneous lesions in an cirrhotic or immunocompromised patient; usually contracted from contaminated oysters; also a cause of wound infections, especially those associated with handling of shellfish.



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vibrio vibrio (vib´re-o)
A member of the genus Vibrio.
El Tor v. a bacterium regarded as a biovar of V. cholerae. It was originally isolated from six pilgrims who died of dysentery or gangrene of the colon at the Tor quarantine station on the Sinai Peninsula.
Nasik v. an organism differing from the cholera v., being shorter and stouter and less comma-shaped; its cultures are very toxic to laboratory animals on intravenous injections.



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vibrion septique vibrion septique (ve-bre-on´ sep-tek´)
Clostridium septicum [Fr. septic vibrio]



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vibriosis vibriosis, pl. vibrioses (vib-re-o´sis)
Infection caused by species of bacteria of the genus Vibrio.



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vibrissa vibrissa, gen and pl. vibrissae (vI-bris´a, vI-bris´e) [NA]
One of the hairs growing at the nares, or vestibule of the nose. [L. found only in pl. vibrissae, fr. vibro, to quiver]



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vibrissal vibrissal (vib-ris´al)
Relating to the vibrissae.



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vibrocardiogram vibrocardiogram (vI´bro-kar´de-o-gram)
A graphic record of chest vibrations produced by hemodynamic events of the cardiac cycle; the record provides an indirect, externally recorded measurement of isovolumic contraction and ejection times. [L. vibro, to shake, + G. kardia, heart, + gramma, a drawing]



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vibromasseur vibromasseur (vI´bro-ma-ser´)
A type of vibrator for giving vibratory massage.



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vibrotherapeutics vibrotherapeutics (vI´bro-thar-a-pyu´tiks)
vibratory massage



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Viburnum prunifolium Viburnum prunifolium (viI-bur´num pru-´nI-fo´le-um)
A medication derived from the root bark of Viburnum prunifolium (family Caprifoliaceae); contains viburnin; bitter resin; tannin; sugar; citric, malic, oxalic and valeric acids. Formerly used as a smooth muscle relaxant/antispasmodic (uterine).



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vicarious vicarious (vI-ker´e-us)
Acting as a substitute; occurring in an abnormal situation. [L. vicarius, from vicis, supplying place of]



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Vicat Vicat
L.J., French engineer, 1786-1861. See V. needle.



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vicine vicine (vI´sen)
2,5-Diamino-4,6-diketopyrimidine-3-beta-d-glucoside;a glucoside occurring in akta, a weed which contaminates Lathyrus sativus and is thought by some to be responsible for the symptoms of lathyrism. [Vicia (genus name) + -ine]



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Vicq d'Azyr Vicq d'Azyr
Félix, French anatomist, 1748-1794. See V.d''s bundle, centrum semiovale, foramen.



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Victoria blue Victoria blue
Any of several blue diphenylnaphthylmethane derivatives; used as a stain in histology. [Queen Victoria]



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Victoria orange Victoria orange
An alkaline salt of dinitrocresol; a reddish yellow stain formerly used in histology.



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Vidal Vidal
Jean Baptiste Emile, French dermatologist, 1825-1893. See V.'s disease.



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vidarabine vidarabine (vI-der´a-ben)
9-beta-d-Arabinofuranosyladenine monohydrate;a purine nucleoside obtained from fermentation cultures of Streptomyces antibioticus and used to treat herpes simplex infections.



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videokeratoscope videokeratoscope (vid´e-o-ker´ah-to-skop)
A keratoscope fitted with a video camera.



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vidian vidian (vid´e-an)
Named after or described by Vidius.



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Vidius Vidius , Vidus
Guidi (Guido), Italian anatomist and physician, 1500-1569. See vidian artery, vidian canal, vidian nerve, vidian vein.



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Vierra Vierra
J.P., 20th century Brazilian dermatologist. See V.'s sign.



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Vieussens Vieussens
Raymond de, French anatomist, 1641-1715. See V.'s annulus, ansa, centrum, foramina, under foramen, ganglia, under ganglion, isthmus, limbus, loop, ring; valve of V.; V.'s valve, veins, under vein, ventricle.



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view view (vyu)
projection
axial v. axial projection
base v. submentovertex radiograph
Caldwell v. Caldwell projection
half axial v. Towne projection
long axis v. in echocardiography, a projection parallel to the interventricular septum of the heart; four-chamber view.
Stenvers v. Stenvers projection
Towne v. Towne projection
verticosubmental v. axial projection
Waters' v. Waters' projection



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vigabatrin vigabatrin (vI-ga´ba-trin)
An irreversible inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase, a degradative enzyme for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the inhibitory neurotransmitter. The drug intensifies the effects of GABA and thus inhibition of the central nervous system; used as an antiepileptic agent.



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vigil vigil (vij´il)
A state of wakefulness or sleeplessness. [L. vigilia, wakefulness, alertness, fr. vigeo, to be active, to rouse]
coma v. akinetic mutism



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vigilambulism vigilambulism (vij-i-lam´byu-lizm)
A condition of unconsciousness regarding one's surroundings, with automatism, resembling somnambulism but occurring in the waking state. [L. vigil, awake, alert, + ambulo, to walk about]



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vigilance vigilance (vij´i-lans)
An attentiveness, alertness, or watchfulness for whatever may occur. [L. vigilantia, wakefulness]



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villi villi (vil´I)
Plural of villus.



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villin villin (vil´in)
An actin-binding protein that, at low calcium ion concentrations, nucleates polymerization of actin filaments; micromolar Ca2+ causes villin to sever actin filaments into short fragments.



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villitis villitis
villositis



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villoma villoma (vi-lo´ma)
papilloma



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villose villose (vil´os)
villous (2)



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villositis villositis (vil-o-sI´tis)
Inflammation of the villous surface of the placenta.villitis; [villous + G. -itis inflammation]



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villosity villosity (vi-los´i-te)
Shagginess; an aggregation of villi.



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villous villous (vil´us)
1. Relating to villi. 2. Shaggy; covered with villi.villose;



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villus villus, pl. villi (vil´us, vil´I)
1. A projection from the surface, especially of a mucous membrane. If the projection is minute, as from a cell surface, it is termed a microvillus. 2. An elongated dermal papilla projecting into an intraepidermal vesicle or cleft. See festooning. [L. shaggy hair (of beasts)]
anchoring v. a chorionic v. that is attached to the decidua basalis.
arachnoid villi tufted prolongations of pia-arachnoid that protrude through the meningeal layer of the dura mater and have a thin limiting membrane; collections of arachnoid v. form arachnoid granulations that lie in venous lacunae at the margin of the superior sagittal sinus; the spongy tissue of the a. v. contains tubules that serve as one-way valves for transfer of cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space to the venous system. Both a. v. and the granulations formed from them are major sites of fluid transfer. See also arachnoid granulations, under granulation.
chorionic villi vascular processes of the chorion of the embryo entering into the formation of the placenta.
floating v. free v
free v. a chorionic v. that is not attached to the decidua basalis, but is "free" in the maternal blood of the intervillous spaces.floating v;
intestinal villi projections (0.5 to 1.5 mm in length) of the mucous membrane of the intestine; they are leaf-shaped in the duodenum and become shorter, more finger-shaped, and sparser in the ileum.villi intestinales [NA];
vil´li intestina´les [NA] intestinal villi
vil´li pericardi´aci pericardial villi
pericardial villi minute filiform projections from the surface of the serous pericardium.villi pericardiaci;
peritoneal villi villi on the surface of the peritoneum.villi peritoneales;
vil´li peritonea´les peritoneal villi
pleural villi shaggy appendages on the pleura in the neighborhood of the costomediastinal sinus.villi pleurales;
vil´li pleura´les pleural villi
primary v. the first stage of chorionic v. development, with columns of cytotrophoblastic cells covered by syncytiotrophoblast.
secondary v. an intermediate stage of chorionic v. development following invasion by a connective tissue core.
synovial villi small vascular processes given off from a synovial membrane.villi synoviales [NA], synovial fringe, synovial tufts;
vil´li synovia´les [NA] synovial villi
tertiary v. the definitive chorionic v. with a vascular core separated from maternal blood by connective tissue, cytotrophoblast, and syncytiotrophoblast.



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villusectomy villusectomy (vil-us-ek´to-me)
synovectomy [villus + G. ektome, excision]



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vimentin vimentin (vI-men´tin)
The major polypeptide that co-polymerizes with other subunits to form the intermediate filament cytoskeleton of mesenchymal cells; they may have a role in maintaining the internal organization of certain cells. See also desmins.



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vinblastine sulfate vinblastine sulfate (vin-blas´ten)
A dimeric alkaloid obtained from Vinca rosea. It arrests mitosis in metaphase (although vincristine is more active in this respect) and exhibits greater antimetabolic activity than does vincristine; used in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease, choriocarcinoma, acute and chronic leukemias, and other neoplastic diseases; blocks microtubule assembly.vincaleucoblastine;



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vincaleucoblastine vincaleucoblastine (ving´ka-lu-ko-blas´ten)
vinblastine sulfate



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Vinca rosea Vinca rosea (ving´ka ro´ze-a)
A species of myrtle (family Myrtaceae) used in various parts of the world as a home remedy; two active dimeric alkaloids obtained from this plant are vinblastine and vincristine.periwinkle;



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Vincent Vincent
Henri, French physician, 1862-1950. See V.'s angina, bacillus, disease, infection, white mycetoma, spirillum, tonsillitis.



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vincristine sulfate vincristine sulfate (vin-kris´ten)
A dimeric alkaloid obtained from Vinca rosea; its antineoplastic activity is similar to that of vinblastine, but no cross-resistance develops between these two agents, and it is more useful than vinblastine in lymphocytic lymphosarcoma and acute leukemia.leurocristine;



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vinculin vinculin (ving´ku-lin)
A protein associated with actin microfilaments; found in intercalated discs of cardiac muscle and focal adhesion plaques; may have a role in how a tumor virus causes pleiotropic effects of transformation. [L. vinculum, bond, fr. vincio, to bind + -in]



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vinculum vinculum, pl. vincula (ving´ku-lum, -la) [NA]
A frenum, frenulum, or ligament. [L. a fetter, fr. vincio, to bind]
v. bre´ve [NA] short v See also vincula of tendons.
v. lin´guae lingual frenulum
vin´cula lin´gulae cerebell´i small lateral prolongations of the lingula of the vermis of the cerebellum resting on the dorsal surface of the superior cerebellar peduncle.alae lingulae cerebelli;
long v. a long, threadlike band that extends from the dorsal surface of each of the flexor tendons of a digit to the proximal phalanx.v. longum [NA];
v. lon´gum [NA] long v See also vincula of tendons.
v. prepu´tii frenulum of prepuce
short v. a triangular band that extends from the dorsal surface of each of the flexor tendons of a digit to the capsule of the nearby interphalangeal joint and to the phalanx proximal to the insertion of the tendon.v. breve [NA];
vin´cula ten´dinum [NA] vincula of tendons See also short v., long v.
vincula of tendons fibrous bands that extend from the flexor tendons of the fingers and toes to the capsules of the interphalangeal joints and to the phalanges; they convey small vessels to the tendons.vincula tendinum [NA], synovial frena, synovial frenula;



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vindesine vindesine (vin´de-sen)
Synthetic derivative of vinblastine which shares antineoplastic properties with the latter agent. Used in the treatment of childhood lymphocytic leukemia.



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Vineberg Vineberg
Arthur M., Canadian thoracic surgeon, *1903. See V. procedure.



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vinegar vinegar (vin´e-gar)
Impure dilute acetic acid, made from wine, cider, malt, etc.acetum; [Fr. vinaigre, fr. vin, wine, + aigre, sour]
pyroligneous v. wood v
wood v. pyracetic acid;impure acetic acid produced by the destructive distillation of pine tar and wood.pyroligneous v;



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vinic vinic (vI´nik)
Relating to or derived from wine. [L. vinum, wine]



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vinous vinous (vI´nus)
Relating to, containing, or of the nature of wine.



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Vinson Vinson
Porter P., U.S. surgeon, 1890-1959. See Plummer-V. syndrome.



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vinyl vinyl (vI´nil)
The hydrocarbon radical, CH2=CH-.ethenyl;
v. carbinol allyl alcohol
v. chloride a substance used in the plastics industry and suspected of being a potent carcinogen in humans.chloroethylene;



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vinylbenzene vinylbenzene (vI´nil-ben´zen)
styrene



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vinylene vinylene (vI´nil-en)
The bivalent radical, -CH=CH-.ethenylene;



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vinyl ether vinyl ether
divinyl ether



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vinylidene vinylidene (vI-nil´i-den)
The bivalent radical, H2C=C=.



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violaceous violaceous (vI-o-la´shus)
Denoting a purple discoloration, usually of the skin. [L. viola, violet]



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violet violet (vI´o-let)
The color evoked by wavelengths of the visible spectrum shorter than 450 nm. For individual violet dyes, see the specific name. [L. viola]
Hoffman's v. dahlia.
visual v. iodopsin



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viomycin viomycin (vI-o-mI´sin)
C23H36N12O8;an antibiotic agent obtained from Streptomyces puniceus var. floridae; active against acid-fast bacteria, including strains of tubercle bacilli resistant to streptomycin; may produce vestibular damage and deafness.



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viosterol viosterol (vI-os´ter-ol)
ergocalciferol



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VIP VIP
Abbreviation for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.



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viper viper (vI´per)
A member of the snake family Viperidae. [L. vipera, serpent, snake]
Russell's v. characteristically marked, highly venomous snake (Vipera russelli) of southeastern Asia. The venom is coagulant in action and is used locally in a 1:10,000 solution for the arrest of hemorrhage in hemophilia.



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Viperidae Viperidae (vI-per´i-de)
A family of poisonous Old World snakes, the true vipers, comprised of about 50 species and characterized by two relatively long caniculated fangs at the front of the upper jaw which are attached to movable bones, allowing them to be erect during the bite when the mouth is open, and folded into a palate skin fold when the jaws are shut. [L. vipera, viper]



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vipoma vipoma (vi-po´ma)
An endocrine tumor, usually originating in the pancreas, which produces a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide believed to cause profound cardiovascular and electrolyte changes with vasodilatory hypotension, watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and dehydration. [vasoactive intestinal polypeptide + G. -oma, tumor]



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Vipond Vipond
French physician. See V.'s sign.



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viprynium embonate viprynium embonate (vip-rin´e-um em´bo-nat)
pyrvinium pamoate



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viraginity viraginity (vir´a-jin´i-te)
Presence of pronounced masculine psychological qualities in a woman. [L. virago (viragin-), a female warrior]



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viral viral (vI´ral)
Of, pertaining to, or caused by a virus.



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Virchow Virchow
Rudolf, German pathologist and politician, 1821-1902. See V.'s angle, cells, under cell, corpuscles, under corpuscle, crystals, under crystal, disease, law, node, psammoma; V.-Holder angle; V.-Hassall bodies, under body; V.-Robin space.



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viremia viremia (vI-re´me-a)
The presence of a virus in the bloodstream. [virus + G. haima, blood]



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vires vires (vI´rez)
Plural of vis.



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virga virga (vir´ga)
penis [L. a rod]



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virgin virgin (ver´jin)
1. A person who has never had sexual intercourse. 2. Unused; uncontaminated.virginal (2); [L. virgo (virgin-), maiden]



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virginal virginal (ver´ji-nal)
1. Relating to a virgin. 2. virgin (2) [L. virginalis]



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virginity virginity (ver-jin´i-te)
The virgin state. [L. virginitas]



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virgophrenia virgophrenia (ver-go-fre´ne-a)
The receptive, capacious, and retentive mind of youth. [L. virgo, maiden, + G. phren, mind]



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viricidal viricidal (vI-ri-sI´da)
virucidal



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viricide viricide (vI´ri-sId)
virucide



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-viridae -viridae
A virus family. [L. vir, fr. virus, venom]



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virile virile (vir´il)
1. Relating to the male sex. 2. Manly, strong, masculine. 3. Possessing masculine traits. [L. virilis, masculine, fr. vir, a man]



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virilescence virilescence (vir-i-les´ens)
Assumption of male characteristics by the female.



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virilia virilia (vi-ril´e-a)
The male sexual organs. [L. ntr. pl. of virilis, virile]



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virilism virilism (vir´i-lizm)
Possession of mature masculine somatic characteristics by a girl, woman, or prepubescent male; may be present at birth or may appear later, depending on its cause; may be relatively mild (e.g., hirsutism) or severe and is commonly the result of gonadal or adrenocortical dysfunction, or of androgenic therapy. [L. virilis, masculine]
adrenal v. v. produced by excessive or abnormal secretory patterns of adrenocortical steroids.adrenal virilizing syndrome;



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virility virility (vi-ril´i-te)
The condition or quality of being virile. [L. virilitas, manhood, fr. vir, man]



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virilization virilization (vir´i-li-za´shun)
Production or acquisition of virilism.



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virilizing virilizing (vir´i-lIz-ing)
Causing virilism.



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-virinae -virinae
A subfamily of viruses.



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virion virion (vI´re-on, vir´e-on)
The complete virus particle that is structurally intact and infectious.



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viripotent viripotent (vir-i-po´tent, vI-rip´o-tent)
Obsolete term denoting a sexually mature male. [L. viripotens, fr. vir, man, + potens, having power]



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viroid viroid (vI´royd)
An infectious pathogen of plants that is smaller than a virus (MW 75,000-100,000) and differs from one in that it consists only of single-stranded closed circular RNA, lacking a protein covering (capsid); replication does not depend on a helper virus, but is mediated by host cell enzymes. [virus + G. eidos, resemblance]



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virologist virologist (vI-rol´o-jist)
A specialist in virology.



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virology virology (vI-rol´o-je, vi-)
The study of viruses and of virus disease. [virus + G. logos, study]



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viropexis viropexis (vI-ro-pek´sis)
Binding of virus to a cell and subsequent absorption (engulfment) of virus particles by that cell. [viro- + G. pexis, fixation]



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virucidal virucidal (vI-ru-sI´dal)
Destructive to a virus.viricidal;



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virucide virucide (vI-ru-sId)
An agent active against virus infections.viricide; [virus + L. caedo, to kill]



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virucopria virucopria (vI-ru-ko´pre-a)
Presence of virus in feces. [virus + G. kopros, feces]



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virulence virulence
The disease-evoking power of a pathogen; numerically expressed as the ratio of the number of cases of overt infection to the total number infected, as determined by immunoassay. [L. virulentia, fr. virulentus, poisonous]



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virulent virulent (vir´u-lent)
Extremely toxic, denoting a markedly pathogenic microorganism. [L. virulentus, poisonous]



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viruliferous viruliferous (vI-ru-lif´er-us)
Conveying virus.



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viruria viruria (vI-ru´re-a)
Presence of viruses in the urine. [virus + G. ouron, urine]



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virus virus, pl. viruses (vI´rus)
1. Formerly, the specific agent of an infectious disease. 2. Specifically, a term for a group of infectious agents which with few exceptions are capable of passing through fine filters that retain most bacteria, are usually not visible through the light microscope, lack independent metabolism, and are incapable of growth or reproduction apart from living cells. They have a prokaryotic genetic apparatus but differ sharply from bacteria in other respects. The complete particle usually contains only DNA or RNA, not both, and is usually covered by a protein shell or capsid that protects the nucleic acid. They range in size from 15 mm up to several hundred mm. Classification of v.'s depends upon characteristics of virions as well as upon mode of transmission, host range, symptomatology, and other factors. For v.'s not listed below, see the specific name.filtrable v., ultravirus; 3. Relating to or caused by a v., as a virus disease. [L. poison]
2060 v. a strain of common cold v.; early isolate of Rhinovirus.JH v;
Abelson murine leukemia v. a retrovirus belonging to the Type C retrovirus group subfamily (family Oncovirinae) which is associated with leukemia and produces in vitro transformation of mouse cells.
adeno-associated v. (AAV) Dependovirus
adenoidal-pharyngeal-conjunctival v. adenovirus
adenosatellite v. Dependovirus
African horse sickness v. a v. of the genus Orbivirus, in the family Reoviridae; the cause of African horse sickness.
African swine fever v. a DNA v. related to the family Iridoviridae and the etiologic agent of African swine fever.
AIDS-related v. (ARV) obsolete term for human immunodeficiency v.
Akabane v. a v. of the genus Bunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae, causing abortion in cattle and congenital arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in bovine fetuses in Israel, Japan, and Australia; it is transmitted by mosquitoes.
Aleutian mink disease v. a v. of the genus Parvovirus causing Aleutian mink disease.
amphotropic v. an oncornavirus that does not produce disease in its natural host but does replicate in tissue culture cells of the host species and also in cells from other species.
animal viruses v.'s occurring in man and other animals, causing inapparent infection or producing disease.
A-P-C v. adenovirus
Argentine hemorrhagic fever v. (ar-jen-ten´) a member of the Arenaviridae.
attenuated v. a variant strain of a pathogenic v., so modified as to excite the production of protective antibodies, yet not producing the specific disease.
Aujeszky's disease v. pseudorabies v
Australian X disease v. Murray Valley encephalitis v
avian encephalomyelitis v. a v. of the genus Enterovirus (family Picornaviridae) causing avian infectious encephalomyelitis in young chicks.
avian erythroblastosis v. avian leukosis-sarcoma complex (2)
avian infectious laryngotracheitis v. a herpesvirus causing avian infectious laryngotracheitis.
avian influenza v. a type A influenza v. (genus Influenzavirus) that causes fowl plague.fowl plague v;
avian leukosis-sarcoma v. avian leukosis-sarcoma complex (2)
avian lymphomatosis v. 1. avian leukosis-sarcoma complex (2) 2. avian neurolymphomatosis v
avian myeloblastosis v. avian leukosis-sarcoma complex (2)
avian neurolymphomatosis v. the herpesvirus that causes avian lymphomatosis (Marek's disease); is distinct from those causing other forms of leukosis.avian lymphomatosis v. (2), fowl neurolymphomatosis v., Marek's disease v;
avian pneumoencephalitis v. Newcastle disease v
avian sarcoma v. avian leukosis-sarcoma complex (2)
avian viral arthritis v. a v. of the genus Reovirus, family Reoviridae, causing tenosynovitis and arthritis in chickens.
B v. a herpesvirus, in the family Herpesviridae, affecting Old World monkeys, that is very similar morphologically to herpes simplex v.; fatal infection may occur in humans following the bite of an infected monkey, although other modes of transmission have also been documented.monkey B v;
B19 v. a human parvovirus associated with arthritis and arthralgia and a number of specific clinical entities, including erythema infectiosum and aplastic crisis in the presence of hemolytic anemia.
bacterial v. a v. which "infects" bacteria; a bacteriophage.
Bittner v. (bit´ner) mammary tumor v. of mice
BK v. a human polyomavirus, in the family Papovaviridae, of worldwide distribution which produces infections that are usually subclinical in immunocompetent individuals. [initials of patient from whom first isolated]
bluecomb v. transmissible turkey enteritis v
bluetongue v. a v. of the genus Orbivirus, in the family Reoviridae; the agent of bluetongue in sheep.
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever v. a member of the Arenavirus group of single-stranded RNA viruses also known as Machupo v.; primary reservoir in rodents; produces multiple abnormalities in coagulation system including widespread capillary leak syndrome, which can be fatal.
Borna disease v. an unclassified RNA v. that is the cause of Borna disease, a disease of horses.enzootic encephalomyelitis v;
Bornholm disease v. epidemic pleurodynia v
bovine ephemeral fever v. a rhabdovirus causing bovine ephemeral fever in cattle.
bovine immunodeficiency v. a lentivirus causing lymphocytosis in cattle.
bovine leukemia v. (BLV) a type C retrovirus in the subfamily Retrovirinae, commonly infecting cattle, especially dairy cows; in a small proportion of infected cattle, it will cause enzootic bovine leukosis.bovine leukosis v;
bovine leukosis v. bovine leukemia v
bovine papular stomatitis v. a poxvirus of the genus Parapoxvirus, reported from North America, Africa and Europe, causing bovine papular stomatitis.papular stomatitis v. of cattle;
bovine respiratory syncytial v. a pneumovirus causing an emerging disease in young cattle characterized by pneumonia, interstitial pulmonary edema, and emphysema; sheep are also susceptible to the v.
bovine virus diarrhea v. a v. of the genus Pestivirus, in the family Togaviridae, causing bovine v. diarrhea; New York, Oregon, and Indiana strains of the v. are recognized.mucosal disease v;
Bunyamwera v. a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, composed of over 150 v. types in the family Bunyaviridae. [Bunyamwera, Uganda, where first isolated]
Bwamba v. a genus of viruses in the family Bunyaviridae; a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus; associated with cases of Bwamba fever in Uganda. [Bwamba, forest in Uganda where first isolated]
CA v. abbreviation for croup-associated v.
California v. a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, comprising over 14 strains including La Crosse and Tahyna v., and the type strain, California v., which causes encephalitis, chiefly in the age group 4 to 14 years.
camelpox v. an orthopoxvirus causing camelpox in camels.
canarypox v. a poxvirus of the genus Avipoxvirus causing a fatal disease of canaries, and also infecting sparrows.
canine distemper v. an RNA v. of the genus Morbillivirus, a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, that causes canine distemper.dog distemper v;
Capim viruses a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, the type species of which is Capim v.
caprine arthritis-encephalomyelitis v. a lentivirus causing caprine arthritis-encephalomyelitis in goats.
Caraparu v. a species of C group Bunyavirus and an agent of bunyavirus encephalitis.
cat distemper v. feline panleukopenia v
cattle plague v. rinderpest v
Catu v. an arbovirus of the genus Bunyavirus, of the family Bunyaviridae; an agent of bunyavirus encephalitis.
CELO v. a v. with characteristics of adenovirus, and similar to quail bronchitis v.chicken embryo lethal orphan v;
Central European tick-borne encephalitis v. one of the v.'s of the tick-borne encephalitis complex of group B arboviruses (genus Flavivirus); the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (Central European subtype).
C group viruses a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus (formerly called group C arboviruses), composed of 12 species including Caraparu, Murutucu, and Oriboca v.
Chagres v. a v. in the family Bunyaviridae, an agent of bunyavirus encephalitis.
chicken embryo lethal orphan v. CELO v
chickenpox v. varicella-zoster v
chikungunya v. a mosquito-transmitted arbovirus of the genus Alphavirus (family Togaviridae) found in parts of Africa and in India, Thailand, and Malaysia; causes a febrile illness with joint pains. [named for the "bent up" position of persons so infected]
Coe v. a v. serologically identical with the A-21 strain of coxsackievirus; the cause of a common cold-like disease in military recruits.
cold v. common cold v
Colorado tick fever v. a v. of the genus Orbivirus, from the family Reoviridae, found in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States and transmitted by the tick, Dermacentor andersoni; it causes Colorado tick fever.
Columbia S. K. v. a strain of encephalomyocarditis v.
common cold v. any of the numerous strains of v. etiologically associated with the common cold, chiefly the rhinoviruses, but also strains of adenovirus, Coxsackievirus, ECHO v., and parainfluenza v.cold v;
contagious ecthyma (pustular dermatitis) v. of sheep the poxvirus of the genus Parapoxvirus causing contagious ecthyma (pustular dermatitis) of sheep.soremouth v;
contagious pustular stomatitis v. horsepox v
cowpox v. a v. of the genus Orthopoxvirus that causes cowpox.
Coxsackie v. See Coxsackievirus.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever v. a v. of the genus Nairovirus (family Bunyaviridae) from Africa and the southern USSR, carried by ticks (Hyalomma and Amblyomma) and found in human blood; the cause of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
croup-associated v. (CA v.) parainfluenza v. type 2. See parainfluenza viruses.
cytopathogenic v. a v. whose multiplication leads to degenerative changes in the host cell. See also cytopathic effect.
defective v. a v. particle that contains insufficient nucleic acid to provide for production of all essential viral components; consequently, infectious v. is not produced except under certain conditions (e.g., when the host cell is infected with a "helper" v. also).
delta v. hepatitis delta v
dengue v. a v. of the genus Flavivirus, about 50 nm in diameter; the etiologic agent of dengue in humans and also occurring in monkeys and chimpanzees, usually as inapparent infection; four serotypes are recognized; transmission is effected by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes.
distemper v. See canine distemper v., feline panleukopenia v.
DNA v. a major group of animal v.'s in which the core consists of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); it includes parvoviruses, papovaviruses, adenoviruses, herpesviruses, poxviruses, and other unclassified DNA v.'s.deoxyvirus;
dog distemper v. canine distemper v
duck hepatitis v. a DNA v. of the genus Hepadnavirus, in the family Hepadnaviridae, causing v. hepatitis of ducks.
duck influenza v. an influenza A v., a member of the family Orthomyxoviridae, distinct from human influenza A strains on bases of hemagglutination-inhibition.
duck plague v. a herpesvirus that causes duck plague.
eastern equine encephalomyelitis v. a v. of the genus Alphavirus (formerly group A arbovirus), in the family Togaviridae, occurring in the eastern United States; it is normally present in certain wild birds as an inapparent infection, but is capable of causing eastern equine encephalomyelitis in horses and humans following transfer by the bites of culicine mosquitoes.EEE v;
EB v. Epstein-Barr v
Ebola v. a v. morphologically similar to but antigenically distinct from Marburg v., in the family Filoviridae, which causes viral hemorrhagic fever.viral hemorrhagic fever v;
ECBO v. former name for early isolates of bovine enteroviruses.enteric cytopathogenic bovine orphan v;
ECHO v. an enterovirus belonging to the Picornaviridae, isolated from humans; while there are many inapparent infections, certain of the several serotypes are associated with fever and aseptic meningitis, and some appear to cause mild respiratory disease.echovirus, enteric cytopathogenic human orphan v;
ECMO v. simian picornavirus recovered from monkey kidney cells and stools.enteric cytopathogenic monkey orphan v;
ecotropic v. an oncornavirus that does not produce disease in its natural host but does replicate in tissue culture cells derived from the host species.
ECSO v. a picornavirus isolated from outbreaks of enteritis in swine, but not known to be a natural pathogen.enteric cytopathogenic swine orphan v;
ectromelia v. infectious ectromelia v
EEE v. eastern equine encephalomyelitis v
EMC v. encephalomyocarditis v
emerging viruses in epidemiology, a class of viruses that have long infected humans or animals but now have the opportunity to attain epidemic proportions due to human encroachment on tropical rainforests, increased international travel, burgeoning populations in less developed countries, and, possibly, global warming. About two dozen viruses have been termed emergent, including hemorrhagic viruses such as Ebola, Marburg, and Hantaan; the rabies-like viruses Mokola and Duvenhage; rodent-borne Jinin and Lassa virus; and mosquito-borne dengue. Virologists speculate that the strain of HIV that causes AIDS may also fall into this category, having entered humans through contact with monkeys in central Africa, possibly having existed among monkey populations for some 50,000 years.
encephalitis v. any one of a variety of v.'s that cause encephalitis.
encephalomyocarditis v. a picornavirus, probably of rodents, isolated from blood and stools of humans, other primates, pigs, and rabbits; occasionally causes febrile illness with central nervous system involvement in humans, and an often fatal myocarditis in chimpanzees, monkeys and pigs; strains of this v. include Columbia S. K. v. and Mengo v.EMC v;
enteric viruses v.'s of the genus Enterovirus.
enteric cytopathogenic bovine orphan v. ECBO v
enteric cytopathogenic human orphan v. ECHO v
enteric cytopathogenic monkey orphan v. ECMO v
enteric cytopathogenic swine orphan v. ECSO v
enteric orphan viruses enteroviruses isolated from humans and other animals, "orphan" implying lack of known association with disease when isolated; many v.'s of the group are now known to be pathogenic; they include ECBO viruses, ECHO viruses, and ECSO viruses.
enzootic encephalomyelitis v. Borna disease v
ephemeral fever v. a rhabdovirus that causes ephemeral fever of cattle.
epidemic gastroenteritis v. a RNA v., about 27 nm in diameter, which has not been cultured in vitro; it is the cause of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis; at least five antigenically distinct serotypes have been recognized, including the Norwalk agent. These viruses are probably classified with the Caliciviruses in the family Caliciviridae.gastroenteritis v. type A;
epidemic keratoconjunctivitis v. an adenovirus (type 8) causing epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, especially among shipyard workers, and also associated with outbreaks of swimming pool conjunctivitis.
epidemic myalgia v. epidemic pleurodynia v
epidemic parotitis v. mumps v
epidemic pleurodynia v. a v. of Enterovirus coxsackievirus type B, in the family Picornaviridae, that causes epidemic pleurodynia.Bornholm disease v., epidemic myalgia v;
epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer v. an orbivirus causing epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer.
Epstein-Barr v. (EBV) a herpesvirus that causes infectious mononucleosis and is also found in cell cultures of Burkitt's lymphoma; associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.EB v., human herpesvirus 4;
equine abortion v. equine rhinopneumonitis v
equine arteritis v. a v. of the genus Pestivirus, a member of the family Togaviridae, that causes equine viral arteritis and, frequently, abortion; probably the most common cause of equine influenza.infectious arteritis v. of horses;
equine coital exanthema v. a herpesvirus causing coital exanthema in male and female horses.
equine encephalosis v. an orbivirus causing equine encephalosis in horses.
equine infectious anemia v. caused by a retrovirus, of the Lentivirinae subfamily, and the cause of equine infectious anemia.swamp fever v;
equine influenza viruses strains of influenza v. type A which cause horse influenza; there are several subtypes.
equine rhinopneumonitis v. a herpesvirus reported in the U.S. Europe, and South Africa, causing equine rhinopneumonitis and equine virus abortion.equine abortion v;
FA v. a strain of mouse encephalomyelitis v.
feline immunodeficiency v. (FIV) a lentivirus causing acquired immunodeficiency in cats.
feline leukemia v. (FeLV) a retrovirus of the Oncornovirinae subfamily causing many proliferative (neoplastic) and degenerative (blastopenic) diseases in domestic cats, including lymphosarcoma, thymic atrophy, immune complex glomerulonephritis, fetal abortions and resorptions, and several myeloproliferative and myelodegenerative conditions; it also causes immunosuppression in infected cats.
feline panleukopenia v. a v. of the genus Parvovirus that causes panleukopenia; the v. infects all Felidae, raccoons and mink, but not dogs or other Canidae.cat distemper v., panleukopenia v. of cats;
feline rhinotracheitis v. a herpesvirus that causes feline viral rhinotracheitis.
fibromatosis v. of rabbits rabbit fibroma v
fibrous bacterial viruses filamentous bacterial viruses
filamentous bacterial viruses deoxyribonucleoproteins that "infect" and replicate in Gram-negative bacteria having sex pili and that, unlike bacteriophage, are released from infected bacteria without damage to the cell; they seem to be of two kinds, one of which has a specificity for F pili and the other for I pili.fibrous bacterial viruses;
filtrable v. virus (2)
fixed v. rabies v. whose virulence for rabbits has been stabilized by numerous passages through this experimental host. See also street v.
Flury strain rabies v. See rabies v., Flury strain.
FMD v. foot-and-mouth disease v
foamy viruses retroviruses of the subfamily Spumavirinae, found in primates and other mammals; so named because of lacelike changes produced in monkey kidney cells; syncytia are also produced.foamy agents;
foot-and-mouth disease v. a picornavirus of the genus Rhinovirus causing foot-and-mouth disease of cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and wild ruminants; it has wide distribution throughout Africa and Asia, causing serious economic losses; the v. is spread by contamination of the animal environment with infected saliva and excreta.FMD v;
fowl erythroblastosis v. avian leukosis-sarcoma complex (2)
fowl lymphomatosis v. avian leukosis-sarcoma complex (2)
fowl myeloblastosis v. avian leukosis-sarcoma complex (2)
fowl neurolymphomatosis v. avian neurolymphomatosis v
fowl plague v. avian influenza v
fowlpox v. a v. of the genus Avipoxvirus causing fowlpox and avian diphtheria.
fox encephalitis v. canine adenovirus 1
Friend v. a strain of the splenic group of mouse leukemia v.'s, related to Moloney and Rauscher v.'s.Friend leukemia v., Swiss mouse leukemia v;
Friend leukemia v. Friend v
GAL v. a v. with characteristics of adenovirus, not known to be associated with natural disease.gallus adeno-like v;
gallus adeno-like v. GAL v
gastroenteritis v. type A epidemic gastroenteritis v
gastroenteritis v. type B rotavirus
German measles v. rubella v
Germiston v. a virus in the genus Bunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae
goatpox v. a v. of the genus Capripoxvirus; the cause of goatpox.
Graffi's v. a mouse myeloleukemia v. from filtrates of transplantable tumors; possibly related to Gross' v.
green monkey v. Marburg v
Gross' v. a strain of mouse leukemia v.Gross' leukemia v;
Gross' leukemia v. Gross' v
Guama v. a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, composed of 6 species including Catu v., and the type strain, Guama v.
Guaroa v. a v. of the Bunyamwera group of the genus Bunyavirus, and an agent of bunyavirus encephalitis.
HA1 v. hemadsorption v. type 1 See parainfluenza viruses.
HA2 v. hemadsorption v. type 2 See parainfluenza viruses.
hand-foot-and-mouth disease v. the v. causing hand-foot-and-mouth disease; chiefly type A16 but also types A4, A5, A7, A9, or A10 Entervirus coxsackievirus.
Hantaan v. a v. of the family Bunyaviridae that causes Korean hemorrhagic fever.
hard pad v. the v. causing hard pad disease, probably canine distemper v., but sometimes not recovered.
helper v. a v. whose replication renders it possible for a defective v. or a virusoid (also present in the host cell) to develop into fully infectious agent.
hemadsorption v. type 1 parainfluenza v. type 3. See parainfluenza viruses.HA1 v;
hemadsorption v. type 2 parainfluenza v. type 1. See parainfluenza viruses.HA2 v;
hepatitis A v. (HAV) an RNA virus in the family Picornaviridae; the causative agent of viral hepatitis type A.infectious hepatitis v;
hepatitis B v. (HBV) a DNA virus in the family Hepadnaviridae; the causative agent of viral hepatitis type B.serum hepatitis v;
hepatitis C v. (HCV) a non-A, non-B RNA v. causing post-transfusion hepatitis; it appears to be a member of the family Flaviviridae.
hepatitis delta v. (HDV) a small "defective" RNA v., similar to viroids and virusoids, that requires the presence of hepatitis B v. for replication. The clinical course is variable but is usually more severe than other hepatitides.delta agent, delta antigen, delta v;
hepatitis E v. (HEV) a RNA v., possibly a Calcivirus, that is the principal cause of enterically transmitted, waterborne, or epidemic non A, non B hepatitis occurring primarily in Asia or Africa.
herpes v. See herpesvirus.
herpes simplex v. (HSV) See herpes simplex.
herpes zoster v. varicella-zoster v
hog cholera v. an RNA virus of the genus Pestivirus, in the family Togaviridae, that causes hog cholera.swine fever v;
horsepox v. the poxvirus causing horsepox.contagious pustular stomatitis v;
human immunodeficiency v. (HIV) human T-cell lymphotropic v. type III; a cytopathic retrovirus (subfamily Lentvirinae, family Retroviridae) that is about 100 nm in diameter, has a lipid envelope, and has a characteristic dense cylindrical nucleoid containing core proteins and genomic RNA; it is the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Formerly or also known as the lymphadenopathy v. (LAV) or the human T-cell lymphotropic v. type III (HTLV-III). Identified in 1984 by Luc Montagnier and colleagues. RNA; it is the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).lymphadenopathy-associated v;
human papilloma v. (HPV) an icosahedral DNA v., 55 nm in diameter, of the genus Papillomavirus, family Papovaviridae; certain types cause cutaneous and genital warts in humans, including verruca vulgaris and condyloma acuminatum; other types are associated with severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and anogenital and laryngeal carcinomas. Over 70 types have been characterized on the basis of DNA relatedness.infectious papilloma v; HPV infection has emerged as a major public health problem, especially for women. Eighty percent of cervical cancer is attributable to HPV infection, and some 25% of all irregularities seen on Pap smears are also believed to be owed to the presence of the virus, which is often otherwise asymptomatic. Some 40% of HIV-positive women present with severe cervical dysplasia caused by HPV, which in many cases proceeds to fatal cancer with an aggressiveness not commonly seen among non-HIV-positive women. A significant number of AIDS patients who are homosexual men also display anal dysplasia and squamous cell carcinomas due to HPV. The risk of contracting the virus goes up with the number of sexual partners. Some protection is conveyed by diaphragms and condoms.
human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia v. (HTLV) a group of viruses (subfamily Oncovirinae, family Retroviridae) that are lymphotropic with a selective affinity for the helper/inducer cell subset of T lymphocytes and that are associated with adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma.human T-cell lymphotropic v;
human T-cell lymphotropic v. human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia v
human T lymphotrophic v. a virus that has a predilection for human lymphoid cells.
Ibaraki v. a v. of cattle in Japan, closely related to the bluetongue v.
IBR v. infectious bovine rhinotracheitis v
v. III of rabbits obsolete name for a latent herpesvirus infection of rabbits. [the third strain isolated, used for study]
Ilhéus v. a v. of the genus Flavivirus (group B arbovirus) first isolated in Brazil, later found in Colombia, Central America, and the Caribbean; the cause of Ilhéus encephalitis and Ilhéus fever.
inclusion conjunctivitis viruses former name for Chlamydia trachomatis.
infantile gastroenteritis v. rotavirus
infectious arteritis v. of horses equine arteritis v
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis v. a herpesvirus causing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.IBR v;
infectious bronchitis v. (IBV) an RNA v. of the family Coronaviridae and the type species of the genus Coronavirus, causing infectious avian bronchitis, being most pathogenic in chicks up to about 4 weeks of age; not to be confused with avian infectious laryngotracheitis v.
infectious bursal disease v. a birnavirus causing infectious bursal disease in chickens.
infectious ectromelia v. a virus belonging to the family Poxviridae morphologically similar to vaccinia v., which occurs as a latent infection in laboratory mice, but which may be activated by stresses such as irradiation and transport to cause disease; inoculation into the footpad results in edema and necrosis.ectromelia v., mousepox v., pseudolymphocytic choriomeningitis v;
infectious hepatitis v. hepatitis A v
infectious papilloma v. human papilloma v
infectious porcine encephalomyelitis v. Teschen disease v
influenza viruses v.'s of the family Orthomyxoviridae which cause influenza and influenza-like infections of humans and other animals; v.'s included are influenza v. types A and B of the genus Influenzavirus, causing, respectively, influenza A and B, and influenza v. type C, which probably belongs to a separate genus and causes influenza C.
insect viruses v.'s pathogenic for insects.
iridescent v. an insect virus in the family Iridoviridae.
Jamestown Canyon v. a member of the California group of arboviruses (family Bunyaviridae) which has been associated with a mild febrile illness in humans in North America.
Japanese B encephalitis v. a v. of the genus Flavivirus (group B arbovirus) occurring particularly in Japan but probably widespread throughout Southeast Asia; the v. is normally present in humans, especially in children, as an inapparent infection, but may cause febrile response and sometimes encephalitis; it may cause encephalitis in horses and abortion in pigs; wild birds are probably the natural hosts and culicine mosquitoes the vectors.Russian autumn encephalitis v;
JC v. a human polyomavirus, family Papovaviridae, of worldwide distribution which produces infections that are usually subclinical in immunocompetent individuals, but is associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in immuno-suppressed individuals. [initials of patient from whom first isolated]
JH v. 2060 v [Johns Hopkins University, where first isolated]
Junin v. a v. of the Tacaribe complex of arboviruses, genus Arenavirus, and the cause of Argentinian hemorrhagic fever; also isolated from mites and rodents.
K v. a polyomavirus, family Papovaviridae, that causes pneumonia in young mice by various routes of inoculation.
Kelev strain rabies v. See rabies v., Kelev strain.
Kilham rat v. a v. of the genus Parvovirus causing inapparent infection in rats; also recoverable from rat tumors.latent rat v;
Kisenyi sheep disease v. a v., in the family Bunyaviridae, that is probably the same as Nairobi sheep disease v.
Koongol viruses a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, comprising two species, Koongol (type species) and Wongal v.
Korean hemorrhagic fever v. See Hantavirus.
Kyasanur Forest disease v. a group B arbovirus, in the family Flaviviridae, isolated from monkeys in India and capable of causing Kyasanur Forest disease in humans; the v. is spread by monkeys and birds having mild infections; the vectors are probably species of the tick Haemaphysalis.
La Crosse v. a bunyavirus of the California group, family Bunyaviridae, and an agent of bunyavirus encephalitis.
lactate dehydrogenase v. a togavirus present perhaps as a "passenger" in various transplantable mouse tumors.LDH agent;
Lassa v. an arenavirus, family Arenaviridae, that causes Lassa fever, an actue febrile disease with a high mortality.
latent rat v. Kilham rat v
LCM v. lymphocytic choriomeningitis v
Lelystad v. an arterivirus causing a new disease in swine, first reported in 1987 and characterized by abortion and infertility in sows and respiratory problems in piglets.
louping-ill v. a v. of the genus Flavivirus that causes louping ill and is transmitted by the hard tick Ixodes ricinus.
Lucké's v. a herpesvirus associated with Lucké's carcinoma.
lumpyskin disease v. a capripoxvirus causing lumpyskin disease in cattle.
Lunyo v. an atypical strain of Rift Valley fever v.
lymphadenopathy-associated v. (LAV) human immunodeficiency v
lymphocytic choriomeningitis v. an RNA v. of the family Arenaviridae that infects mice, man, monkeys, dogs, and guinea pigs, and causes lymphocytic choriomeningitis; in man, infection may be inapparent, but sometimes the v. causes influenza-like disease, meningitis, or rarely meningoencephalomyelitis; in utero infections of mice establish a type of immunological tolerance.LCM v;
lymphogranuloma venereum v. former name for Chlamydia trachomatis.
Machupo v. a v. of the Tacaribe complex (genus Arenavirus, family Arenaviridae); the cause of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever.
maedi v. a retrovirus (subfamily Lentivirinae) that is the cause of maedi; it is very similar to the visna v.medi v., progressive pneumonia v;
malignant catarrhal fever v. a herpesvirus of wide distribution causing malignant catarrhal fever of cattle; sheep and wildebeests harbor inapparent infections and may transmit the v. to cattle.
Maloney leukemia v. (ma-lo´ne) a retrovirus associated with leukemia in rodents.
mammary cancer v. of mice mammary tumor v. of mice
mammary tumor v. of mice member of the retrovirus subfamily Oncornavirinae, antigenically distinct from the murine leukemia-sarcoma complex, that is associated with adenocarcinomatous tumors of the mammary gland, commonly latent in wild and laboratory mice and causing cancer only in genetically susceptible strains under certain hormonal influences.Bittner agent, Bittner v., Bittner's milk factor, mammary cancer v. of mice, milk factor, mouse mammary tumor v;
Marburg v. an RNA-containing v., genus Filovirus in the family Filoviridae, first recognized at Marburg University (Germany), where it was the cause of a highly fatal hemorrhagic fever among handlers and laboratory workers of green monkeys.green monkey v;
Marek's disease v. avian neurolymphomatosis v
marmoset v. a herpesvirus obtained repeatedly from throat swabs and tissues of New World monkeys.
masked v. a v. ordinarily occurring in the host in a noninfective state, but which may be activated and demonstrated by special procedures such as blind passage in experimental animals.
Mason-Pfizer v. a D-type retrovirus in the subfamily Oncornaviridae that was isolated from a mammary carcinoma of a rhesus monkey.
Mayaro v. a v. of the genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae, causing epidemics of undifferentiated type fever in South America.
measles v. an RNA v. of the genus Morbillivirus, family Paramyxoviridae, that causes measles in man and is transmitted via the respiratory tract; possesses hemagglutinating, hemadsorbing, and hemolyzing properties.rubeola v;
medi v. maedi v
Mengo v. a strain of encephalomyocarditis v.
milker's nodule v. a virus in the family Poxviridae.
mink enteritis v. a parvovirus that causes enteritis of mink.
MM v. a strain of encephalomyocarditis v.
Mokola v. a rabies related v. of the genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae, first isolated from shrews (Crocidura spp.) in Nigeria, which has caused fatal neurological disease in man and cats in Africa.
molluscum contagiosum v. the poxvirus causing molluscum contagiosum of humans.
Moloney's v. a lymphoid leukemia retrovirus of mice, in the subfamily Oncovirinae, isolated originally during propagation of S 37 mouse sarcoma.
monkey B v. B v
monkeypox v. a v. of the genus Orthopoxvirus causing monkeypox.
mouse encephalomyelitis v. a v. of the genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae, normally associated with inapparent infections and found in the intestinal tracts of infected mice, occasionally causing mouse encephalomyelitis in experimentally inoculated susceptible mice.mouse poliomyelitis v;
mouse hepatitis v. a coronavirus, in the family Coronaviridae, that in the presence of Eperythrozoon coccoides causes fatal hepatitis in newly weaned mice; otherwise causes inapparent infection.
mouse leukemia viruses retroviruses of the murine leukemia-sarcoma complex that produce leukemia and sometimes lymphosarcomas in mice, including the Abelron, Gross, Moloney, Friend, and Rauscher strains of v.; they have been isolated from inbred mice having high incidence of spontaneous lymphoid leukemia.
mouse mammary tumor v. mammary tumor v. of mice
mouse parotid tumor v. polyoma v
mouse poliomyelitis v. mouse encephalomyelitis v
mousepox v. infectious ectromelia v
mouse thymic v. an unclassified ether-sensitive v., 75 to 100 nm in diameter, that causes necrosis of the thymus in young mice.
mucosal disease v. bovine virus diarrhea v
mumps v. a v. of the genus Paramyxovirus, family Paramyxoviridae, causing parotitis in man, sometimes with complications of orchitis, oophoritis, pancreatitis, meningoencephalitis and others, and transmitted by infectious salivary secretions.epidemic parotitis v;
murine sarcoma v. a seemingly defective retrovirus that produces sarcomas in mice when growing in the presence of a "helper" v.; e.g., mouse leukemia v.
Murray Valley encephalitis v. a group B arbovirus of the genus Flavivirus that causes Murray Valley encephalitis; it is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, and also infects birds and horses.Australian X disease v., MVE v;
Murutucu v. a C group mosquito-borne v. of the genus Bunyavirus, which has caused undifferentiated type fever in Brazil and French Guiana.
MVE v. Murray Valley encephalitis v
myxomatosis v. rabbit myxoma v
Nairobi sheep disease v. an unclassified arbovirus of the family Bunyaviridae causing Nairobi sheep disease, transmitted by the tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus; it is a serologic group of v.'s morphologically like Bunyavirus but antigenically unrelated to it.
naked v. a v. consisting only of a nucleocapsid; i.e., one that does not possess an enclosing envelope.
ND v. Newcastle disease v
Nebraska calf scours v. the bovine rotavirus. See rotavirus.
Neethling v. See lumpyskin disease v.
negative strand v. a v. the genome of which is a strand of RNA that is complementary to messenger RNA; negative strand v.'s also carry RNA polymerases necessary for the synthesis of messenger RNA.
Negishi v. one of the group B arboviruses (genus Flavivirus) of the tick-borne encephalitis complex, isolated from fatal infections in Japan.
neonatal calf diarrhea v. one of two v.'s causing neonatal calf diarrhea; a reovirus-like v. is associated with disease in newborn calves, and a coronavirus is associated with disease in calves over 5 days of age.
neurotropic v. a v. that has an affinity for nervous tissue, e.g., poliomyelitis v., neurotropic v. variant of yellow fever, and the "fixed" v. of rabies.
Newcastle disease v. a v. of the genus Paramyxovirus causing Newcastle disease in chickens and, to a lesser extent, in turkeys and other birds; it may occasionally infect laboratory and poultry workers, causing conjunctivitis and lymphadenitis.avian pneumoencephalitis v., ND v;
non-A, non-B hepatitis v. term used to group any of a number of viruses, other than A or B, which cause hepatitis in humans.
nonoccluded v. a v. not inclosed in an inclusion body, usually with reference to an insect v.
Norwalk v. a v. associated with acute viral gastroenteritis and probably belonging to the calicivirus group.
occluded v. a v. inclosed in an inclusion body, usually with reference to an insect v.
Omsk hemorrhagic fever v. a v. of the genus Flavivirus causing Omsk hemorrhagic fever.
oncogenic v. a v. of one of the two groups of tumor-inducing v.'s: the RNA tumor v.'s (subfamily Oncovirinae), which are well defined and rather homogeneous, or the DNA v.'s, which are more diverse.tumor v;
O'nyong-nyong v. a v. of the genus Alphavirus, in the family Togaviridae, found in Uganda, Kenya, and Congo, which causes O'nyong-nyong fever.
orf v. a parapoxvirus causing orf in sheep and goats and sometimes humans.
Oriboca v. a C group v. of the genus Bunyavirus, and an agent of bunyavirus encephalitis.
ornithosis v. former name for Chlamydia psittaci.
orphan viruses v.'s, such as the enteric orphan v.'s, which when originally found were not specifically associated with disease; a number of these have since been shown to be pathogenic.
Pacheco's parrot disease v. probably a v. of the family Herpesviridae, possibly related to the v. of infectious laryngotracheitis.parrot v. (2);
panleukopenia v. of cats feline panleukopenia v
pantropic v. the ordinary strain of yellow fever v., as distinguished from the neurotropic strain; has an affinity for different tissues.
papilloma v. (pap-i-lo´ma) Papillomavirus
pappataci fever viruses phlebotomus fever viruses
papular stomatitis v. of cattle bovine papular stomatitis v
parainfluenza viruses v.'s of the genus Paramyxovirus, of four types: type 1 (hemadsorption v. type 2), which includes sendai v., causes acute laryngotracheitis in children and occasionally adults; type 2 (croup-associated v.) is associated especially with acute laryngotracheitis or croup in young children and minor upper respiratory infections in adults; type 3 (hemadsorption v. type 1; shipping fever v.) has been isolated from small children with pharyngitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, and causes occasional respiratory infection in adults; bovine strains have been isolated from cattle with shipping fever, and the v. has also been isolated from sheep; type 4 has been isolated from a very few children with minor respiratory illness.
paravaccinia v. pseudocowpox v
parrot v. 1. obsolete term for Chlamydia psittaci; 2. Pacheco's parrot disease v
Patois v. a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, comprising 4 species.
peste des petits ruminants v. a morbillivirus causing peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats.
pharyngoconjunctival fever v. one of several types of adenoviruses associated with outbreaks of fever and pharyngitis, sometimes with conjunctivitis, especially in service recruits and people in boarding schools.
phlebotomus fever viruses an unclassified serologic group of arboviruses morphologically like Bunyavirus but antigenically unrelated, transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi (sandfly) and causing phlebotomus fever; there are 20 strains, including Icoarachi and Itaporanga.pappataci fever viruses, sandfly fever viruses;
plant viruses v.'s pathogenic to higher plants.
pneumonia v. of mice an RNA v. of the genus Pneumovirus, a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, occurring normally as latent infection in laboratory mice, but capable of activation by serial intranasal passage and causing pneumonia.PVM v;
poliomyelitis v. the picornavirus (genus Enterovirus) causing poliomyelitis in humans; the route of infection is the alimentary tract, but the v. may enter the bloodstream and nervous system, sometimes causing paralysis of the limbs and, rarely, encephalitis; many infections are inapparent; serologic types 1, 2, and 3 are recognized, type 1 being responsible for most paralytic poliomyelitis and most epidemics.poliovirus hominis, poliovirus;
polyoma v. a papovavirus (genus Polyomavirus) which normally occurs in inapparent infections in laboratory and wild mice, but after growth on tissue culture is capable of producing parotid tumors in mice and sarcomas in hamsters as well as tumors in other laboratory animals.mouse parotid tumor v;
porcine epidemic diarrhea v. a coronavirus causing porcine epidemic diarrhea in pigs.
porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis v. a coronavirus causing vomiting, wasting, and encephalomyelitis in young pigs.
porcine sarcoma v. a retrovirus causing sarcoma in swine.
Powassan v. a v. of the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae), transmitted by ixodid ticks and causing Powassan encephalitis in children; also capable of producing meningoencephalomyelitis in rabbits and children. [Powassan, Canada, where first isolated]
progressive pneumonia v. maedi v
pseudocowpox v. a v. of the genus Parapoxvirus that causes pseudocowpox in humans and cattle; it is closely related to orf v. and papular stomatitis v.paravaccinia v;
pseudolymphocytic choriomeningitis v. infectious ectromelia v
pseudorabies v. a herpesvirus causing pseudorabies in swine.Aujeszky's disease v;
psittacosis v. former name for Chlamydia psittaci.
PVM v. pneumonia v. of mice
quail bronchitis v. a v., similiar to an adenovirus, closely related antigenically to CELO v.
Quaranfil v. an ungrouped arbovirus isolated from human blood and from herons.
rabbit fibroma v. a poxvirus of the genus Leporipoxvirus, closely related to vaccinia and myxoma v.'s, that causes Shope fibroma.fibromatosis v. of rabbits, Shope fibroma v;
rabbit myxoma v. the poxvirus of the genus Leporipoxvirus causing myxomatosis of rabbits.myxomatosis v;
rabbitpox v. an orthopoxvirus that causes epidemics of pox in laboratory rabbits; immunologically, it is closely related to vaccinia v. but is more virulent in rabbits.
rabies v. a large bullet-shaped v. of the genus Lyssavirus, in the family Rhabdoviridae, that is the causative agent of rabies.
rabies v., Flury strain a v. isolated from human brain, attenuated (fixed) by serial propagation in nonmammalian hosts, and subsequently established in chick embryo culture.
rabies v., Kelev strain an attenuated, embryonate fowl egg-passaged strain.
rat sialodacryoadenitis v. a coronavirus causing sialodacryoadenitis in rats.
Rauscher leukemia v. an RNA retrovirus associated with leukemia in rodents; similar to Friend v.Rauscher's v;
Rauscher's v. Rauscher leukemia v
REO v. respiratory enteric orphan v
respiratory enteric orphan v. a nonenveloped icosahedral virus whose genome consists of double stranded RNA, belonging to the family Reoviridae, frequently found in both the respiratory and enteric tract.REO v;
respiratory syncytial v. an RNA v. of the genus Pneumovirus, in the family Paramyxoviridae, with a tendency to form syncytia in tissue culture, that causes minor respiratory infection with rhinitis and cough in adults, but is capable of causing severe bronchitis and bronchopneumonia in young children; first isolated from chimpanzees with respiratory disease.chimpanzee coryza agent, Rs v;
Rida v. a variant of the scrapie agent.
Rift Valley fever v. a v. of the genus Phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae) that occurs in central and southern Africa in sheep, goats, and cattle, causing abortions and severe febrile disease, especially in young lambs; humans, especially herdsmen and veterinarians, who may become infected through close contact with infected animals, developing a dengue-like disease; the v. also infects buffaloes, camels and antelopes; it is mosquito-borne, but also probably infects by contact and respiratory tract.
rinderpest v. an RNA v. of the genus Morbillivirus, causing rinderpest; it is closely related to the measles and canine distemper v.'s.cattle plague v;
RNA v. a group of v.'s in which the core consists of RNA; a major group of animal v.'s that includes the families Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Retroviridae, Coronaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae.ribovirus;
RNA tumor viruses v.'s of the subfamily Oncovirinae.
Ross River v. a mosquito-borne alphavirus, family Togaviridae, that causes epidemic polyarthritis.
Rous-associated v. (RAV) a leukemia v. of the leukosis-sarcoma complex which by phenotypic mixing with a defective (noninfectious) strain of Rous sarcoma v. effects production of infectious sarcoma v. with envelope antigenicity of the RAV.
Rous sarcoma v. (RSV) a sarcoma-producing v. of the avian leukosis-sarcoma complex identified by Rous in 1911.
Rs v. respiratory syncytial v
Rubarth's disease v. canine adenovirus 1
rubella v. an RNA v. of the genus Rubivirus; the agent causing rubella (German measles) in humans.German measles v;
rubeola v. measles v
Russian autumn encephalitis v. Japanese B encephalitis v
Russian spring-summer encephalitis v. tick-borne encephalitis v
Salisbury common cold viruses strains of rhinovirus of historical interest because of early studies that established the viral etiology of common colds.
salivary v. a highly species-specific herpesvirus (cytomegalovirus) with particular affinity for the salivary gland tissue.salivary gland v;
salivary gland v. salivary v
sandfly fever viruses phlebotomus fever viruses
San Miguel sea lion v. a calicivirus, family Caliciviridae, first isolated from sea lions on San Miguel island off the California coast, which is indistinguishable from the vesicular exanthema of swine v. both biophysically and clinically in terms of the vesicular disease syndrome that it produces in swine.
Sendai v. a parainfluenza v. type 1 reported to cause pneumonia in pigs; also used extensively to effect fusion of tissue culture cells.
serum hepatitis v. hepatitis B v
sheep-pox v. a poxvirus of the genus Capripoxvirus causing sheep-pox.
shipping fever v. parainfluenza v. type 3. See parainfluenza viruses.
Shope fibroma v. rabbit fibroma v
Shope papilloma v. a papillomavirus infecting wild cottontail rabbits. See Shope papilloma.
Simbu v. a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, comprising a number of species including the type strain, Simbu v.
simian v. (SV) any of a number of v.'s, belonging to various families, isolated from monkeys or from cultures of monkey cells.vacuolating v;
simian v. 40 simian vacuolating v. No. 40
simian hemorrhagic fever v. an arterivirus causing simian hemorrhagic fever in macaque monkeys.
simian vacuolating v. No. 40 (SV40) a small (40 to 45 nm) DNA v. of the genus Polyomavirus, family Papovaviridae; the cause of seemingly inapparent infections in monkeys, especially rhesus, and a common contaminant of monkey cell cultures; the v. may cause inapparent infection in humans and may be excreted in stools of children for several weeks; it can produce fibrosarcoma in suckling hamsters, and transformation may occur in human diploid cells; it may also form "hybrid" v. in cells also infected with certain adenoviruses.simian v. 40;
Sindbis v. the type species of the genus Alphavirus, in the family Togaviridae, usually transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Culex; and causative agent of Sindbis fever. [village in Egypt where first isolated]
slow v. a v., or a virus-like agent, etiologically associated with a disease having a long incubation period of months to years with a gradual onset frequently terminating in severe illness and/or death.
smallpox v. variola v
snowshoe hare v. a member of the California group of arboviruses (family Bunyaviridae) causing fever, severe headache, and nausea in humans in North America.
soremouth v. contagious ecthyma (pustular dermatitis) v. of sheep
Spondweni v. an arbovirus of the genus Flavivirus isolated from mosquitoes in Africa; may cause disease in humans.
St. Louis encephalitis v. a group B arbovirus, in the family Flaviviridae, occurring in the U.S., Trinidad, and Panama; normally present as inapparent infection in humans, but sometimes a cause of encephalitis; the v. has been isolated from birds in Panama and from several mosquito species, especially Psorophora.
street v. an isolate of rabies v. from a naturally infected domestic animal.
swamp fever v. equine infectious anemia v
swine encephalitis v. a coronavirus, in the family Coronaviridae, that causes swine encephalitis.
swine fever v. hog cholera v
swine influenza viruses strains of influenza v. type A which cause influenza of swine and can infect humans.
swinepox v. a poxvirus distinct from vaccinia v. and the cause of swinepox; the pig louse plays an important role in transmission.
swine vesicular disease v. a porcine enterovirus causing vesicular disease in swine.
Swiss mouse leukemia v. Friend v
Tacaribe v. the type v. of the Tacaribe complex of v.'s (arenaviruses), isolated from bats and mosquitoes in Trinidad.
Tahyna v. a California group arbovirus, in the family Bunyaviridae, from central Europe, known to infect humans.
temperate v. referring to a phage that does not lyse its host immediately but may persist in latent form and eventually lyse its host. See lysogeny.
Teschen disease v. a picornavirus causing Teschen disease of pigs; the v. is normally a harmless inhabitant of the intestinal tract, but virulent strains cause epizootics of the disease.infectious porcine encephalomyelitis v;
Tete viruses a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, comprising a number of types.
TGE v. transmissible gastroenteritis v. of swine
Theiler's original v. Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis v
Theiler's v. Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis v
Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis v. a virus in the family Picornaviridae.Theiler's original v., Theiler's v;
tick-borne v. tick-borne encephalitis v
tick-borne encephalitis v. an arbovirus of the genus Flavivirus that occurs in Central Europe and the USSR in two subtypes, causing two forms of encephalitis in humans: tick-borne encephalitis (Central European subtype) and tick-borne encephalitis (Eastern subtype); the vectors are ticks of the genus Ixodes.Russian spring-summer encephalitis v., tick-borne v;
TO v. theiler's original v. See mouse encephalomyelitis v.
trachoma v. former name for Chlamydia trachomatis.
transmissible gastroenteritis v. of swine a coronavirus that causes transmissible gastroenteritis of swine.TGE v;
transmissible turkey enteritis v. a coronavirus causing bluecomb disease of turkeys.bluecomb v;
tumor v. oncogenic v
turkey meningoencephalitis v. a v. of the genus Flavivirus causing paralysis and enteritis in turkeys in Israel.
turkey rhinotracheitis v. a pneumovirus causing rhinotracheitis in turkeys and swollen head syndrome in chickens.
Turlock v. an unclassified serologic group of arboviruses morphologically like Bunyavirus but antigenically unrelated to it.
Umbre v. an arbovirus related serologically to the Turlock v.
vaccine v. See vaccine.
vaccinia v. the poxvirus (genus Orthopoxvirus) used in the immunization of people against variola (smallpox), usually causing a local reaction but sometimes generalized vaccinia, especially in children; the v. is closely related serologically to the v.'s of variola and cowpox, but certain differences have been demonstrated which indicate that they are perhaps distinct but closely related strains of a variola-vaccinia-cowpox complex; the lineage of vaccinia v. is uncertain, and it is very unlikely that it descended from Jenner's original v.poxvirus officinalis;
vacuolating v. simian v
varicella-zoster v. a herpesvirus, morphologically identical to herpes simplex v., that causes varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster in man; varicella results from a primary infection with the v.; herpes zoster results from secondary invasion by the same v. or by reactivation of infection which in many instances has been latent for many years.chickenpox v., herpes zoster v., human herpesvirus 3;
variola v. a poxvirus of the genus Orthopoxvirus, the pathogen of smallpox in humans.smallpox v;
VEE v. Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis v
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis v. a group A arbovirus of the genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae, occurring in Venezuela and several other South American countries, in Panama and Trinidad, and occasionally the United States causing Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis in horses and humans; it seems to be more viscerotropic than neurotropic; the v. is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes.VEE v;
vesicular exanthema of swine v. a calicivirus causing vesicular exanthema of swine. See also San Miguel sea lion v.
vesicular stomatitis v. an RNA v. of the genus Vesiculovirus, in the family Rhabdoviridae, causing vesicular stomatitis in horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs.VS v;
viral hemorrhagic fever v. Ebola v
visceral disease v. cytomegalovirus
visna v. an RNA v. (subfamily Lentivirinae) that causes visna; it is closely related antigenically to the similar maedi v.
VS v. vesicular stomatitis v
WEE v. western equine encephalomyelitis v
Wesselsbron disease v. a mosquito-borne group B arbovirus of the genus Flavivirus causing Wesselsbron fever.
western equine encephalomyelitis v. a group A arbovirus of the genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae, occurring in the western United States and parts of South America; it occurs naturally, usually as a symptomless infection in birds, but causes western equine encephalomyelitis in horses and humans following transfer by the bites of mosquitoes, chiefly Culex tarsalis.WEE v;
West Nile v. West Nile encephalitis v
West Nile encephalitis v. caused by a virus in the family Flaviviridae.West Nile v;
xenotropic v. a retrovirus that does not produce disease in its natural host and replicates only in tissue culture cells derived from a different species.
Yaba v. a poxvirus from the family Poxviridae, distinct from monkeypox v., that causes Yaba tumors in monkeys.Yaba monkey v;
Yaba monkey v. Yaba v
yellow fever v. an arbovirus, the type species of the genus Flavivirus, in the family Flaviviridae, endemic in tropical Africa south of the Sahara and in tropical South America, occasionally spreading to countries outside these areas; it is the cause of yellow fever of humans and other primates; the v. exists in wild primates, and probably also in edentates, marsupials, and rodents, and is transmitted to humans by Aedes Aegypti and the Haemagogus complex of tree-top mosquitoes which feed on arboreal mammals.
Zika v. a mosquito-borne virus of the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae), found in parts of Africa and in Malaysia, that causes Zika fever. [Zika, forest in Uganda, where first isolated]



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-virus -virus
A genus of viruses.



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virusoid virusoid (vI´rus-oyd)
A plant pathogen resembling a viroid but having a much larger circular or linear RNA segment and a capsid; it is a satellite agent requiring RNA of an associated virus (helper virus) for replication. [virus + G. eidos, resembling]



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virus shedding virus shedding
Excretion of virus by any route from the infected host; route and duration of excretion vary according to the pathogenesis of the infection or disease.



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vis vis, pl. vires (vis, vI´res)
Force, energy, or power. [L. force]
v. conserva´trix the inherent power in the organism resisting the effects of injury.
v. a fron´te a force acting from in front; an obstructive, restraining, or impeding force.
v. a ter´go a force acting from behind; a pushing or accelerating force.
v. vi´tae , v. vita´lis vitalism



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viscance viscance (vis´kans)
A measure of the energy dissipation due to a flow in a viscous system. In medicine and physiology, usually a measure of the energy dissipation in the flow of liquids, sols, or gels within cells and tissues, or of fluids (e.g., blood, respiratory gases) in tubes. The v. is the pressure gradient from one end to the other of the flow path when unit flow occurs. The relationship between viscosity and v. is of the same nature as that between specific resistance, or resistivity, of a conductor material and the resistance of a particular conductor made from that material.



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viscera viscera (vis´er-a)
Plural of viscus.vitals;



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viscerad viscerad (vis´er-ad)
In a direction toward the viscera. [viscera + L. ad, to]



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visceral visceral (vis´er-al)
Relating to the viscera.splanchnic;



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visceralgia visceralgia (vis-er-al´je-a)
Pain in any viscera. [viscera + G. algos, pain]



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viscerimotor viscerimotor (vis´er-i-mo´ter)
visceromotor



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viscero- viscero-
The viscera. See also splanchno-. [L. viscus, pl. viscera, the internal organs]



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viscerocranium viscerocranium (vis´er-o-kra´ne-um)
That part of the skull derived from the embryonic pharyngeal arches; it comprises the facial bones of the facial skeleton (under bone) and is distinct from that part of the skull which forms the neurocranium or braincase.cranium viscerale, visceral cranium, jaw skeleton, splanchnocranium; [viscero- + cranium]
cartilaginous v. those elements of the fetal skull derived from the second and succeeding pharyngeal arch cartilages.
membranous v. membranous bones, developed in the fetal skull, that overlie maxillary and mandibular components of the first pharyngeal arch cartilage.



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viscerogenic viscerogenic (vis´er-o-jen´ik)
Of visceral origin; denoting a number of sensory and other reflexes. [viscero- + G. -gen, producing]



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viscerograph viscerograph (vis´er-o-graf)
An instrument for recording the mechanical activity of the viscera. [viscero- + G. grapho, to write]



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visceroinhibitory visceroinhibitory (vis´er-o-in-hib´i-tor-e)
Restricting or arresting the functional activity of the viscera.



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visceromegaly visceromegaly (vis´er-o-meg´a-le)
Abnormal enlargement of the viscera, such as may be seen in acromegaly and other disorders.organomegaly, splanchnomegaly; [viscero- + G. megas, large]



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visceromotor visceromotor (vis´er-o-mo´ter)
1. Relating to or controlling movement in the viscera; denoting the autonomic nerves innervating the viscera, especially the intestines. 2. Denoting a movement having a relation to the viscera; referring to reflex muscular contractions of the abdominal wall in cases of visceral disease.viscerimotor;



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visceroparietal visceroparietal (vis´er-o-pa-rI´e-tal)
Relating to the viscera and the wall of the abdomen. [viscero- + L. paries, wall]



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visceroperitoneal visceroperitoneal (vis´er-o-per-i-to-ne´al)
Relating to the peritoneum and the abdominal viscera.



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visceropleural visceropleural (vis´er-o-plu´ral)
Relating to the pleural and the thoracic viscera.pleurovisceral;



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visceroptosis visceroptosis , visceroptosia (vis´er-op-to´sis, -to´se-a)
Descent of the viscera from their normal positions.splanchnoptosis, splanchnoptosia; [viscero- + G. ptosis, a falling]



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viscerosensory viscerosensory (vis´er-o-sen´sor-e)
Relating to the sensory innervation of internal organs.



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visceroskeletal visceroskeletal (vis-er-o-skel´e-tal)
Relating to the visceroskeleton.splanchnoskeletal;



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visceroskeleton visceroskeleton (vis-er-o-skel´e-ton)
1. Any bony formation in an organ, as in the heart, tongue, or penis of certain animals; the term also includes, according to some anatomists, the cartilaginous rings of the trachea and bronchi. 2. The bony framework protecting the viscera, such as the ribs and sternum, the pelvic bones, and the anterior portion of the skull.splanchnoskeleton, visceral skeleton;



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viscerosomatic viscerosomatic (vis´er-o-so-mat´ik)
Relating to the viscera and the body.splanchnosomatic; [viscero- + G. soma, body]



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viscerotome viscerotome (vis´er-o-tom)
An instrument by means of which a section of an organ, e.g., the liver, can be removed from a cadaver for examination without performing a general autopsy. [viscero- + G. tomos, cutting]



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viscerotomy viscerotomy (vis-er-ot´o-me)
Dissection of the viscera by incision, especially postmortem. [viscero- + G. tome, incision]



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viscerotonia viscerotonia (vis´er-o-to´ne-a)
Personality traits of love of food, sociability, general relaxation, friendliness, and affection. [viscero- + G. tonos, tone]



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viscerotrophic viscerotrophic (vis´er-o-trof´ik)
Relating to any trophic change determined by visceral conditions. [viscero- + G. trophe, nourishment]



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viscerotropic viscerotropic (vis´er-o-trop´ik)
Affecting the viscera. [L. viscero internal organs, + G. trope, a turning]



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viscid viscid (vis´id)
Sticky; glutinous. [L. viscidus, stick, fr. viscum, birdlime]



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viscidity viscidity (vi-sid´i-te)
Stickiness; adhesiveness.



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viscidosis viscidosis (vis-i-do´sis)
cystic fibrosis



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viscoelasticity viscoelasticity (vis´ko-e-las-tis´i-te)
The property of a viscous material that also shows elasticity.



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viscometer viscometer (vis-kom´e-ter)
viscosimeter



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viscosimeter viscosimeter (vis-ko-sim´e-ter)
An apparatus for determining the viscosity of a fluid; in medicine, usually of the blood.viscometer;



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viscosimetry viscosimetry (vis-ko-sim´e-tre)
Determination of the viscosity of a fluid, such as the blood. [viscosity + G. metron, measure]



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viscosity viscosity (vis-kos´i-te)
In general, the resistance to flow or alteration of shape by any substance as a result of molecular cohesion; most frequently applied to liquids as the resistance of a fluid to flow because of a shearing force. [L. viscositas, fr. viscosus, viscous]
absolute v. force per unit area applied tangentially to a fluid, causing unit rate of displacement of parallel planes separated by a unit distance; units in CGS system: poise.
anomalous v. the viscous behavior of nonhomogenous fluids or suspensions, e.g., blood, in which the apparent v. increases as flow or shear rate decreases toward zero.
apparent v. the v. calculated from Poiseuille's law at any particular flow and tube diameter; it is used for suspensions, such as blood, that exhibit anomalous v. and the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect.
dynamic v. (mu) the internal or molecular frictional resistance of a fluid by Newton's law of v. as the ratio of the applied force per unit area to the relative velocity of adjacent fluid layers (produced by the force).
kinematic v. (nu, upsil) a measure used in studies of fluid flow; the dynamic viscosity, mu, in poises divided by the density of the material; units: stokes.
newtonian v. the v. characteristics of a newtonian fluid.
relative v. the ratio of the v. of a solution or dispersion to the v. of the solvent or continuous phase.



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viscotoxins viscotoxins (vis´ko-toks´ins)
A class of phytotoxins that have a hypotensive activity and slow the heart beat.



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viscous viscous (vis´kus)
Sticky; marked by high viscosity. [see viscid, viscosity]



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viscum viscum (vis´kum)
1. The berries of Viscum album (family Loranthaceae), a parasitic plant growing on apple, pear, and other trees; has been used as an oxytocic.mistletoe; 2. Herbage of Phoradendron flavescens, American mistletoe; has been used as an oxytocic and emmenagoque.



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viscus viscus, pl. viscera (vis´kus, vis´er-a)
An organ of the digestive, respiratory, urogenital, and endocrine systems as well as the spleen, the heart, and great vessels; hollow and multilayered walled organs studied in splanchnology. [L. the soft parts, internal organs]



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visile visile (viz´il)
1. An obsolete term denoting the type of mental imagery in which one recalls most readily that which has been seen. Cf. audile, motile. 2. A person with such mental imagery. 3. visual



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vision vision (vizh´un)
The act of seeing. See also sight. [L. visio, fr. video, pp. visus, to see]
achromatic v. achromatopsia
binocular v. v. with a single image, by both eyes simultaneously.
blue v. cyanopsia
central v. v. stimulated by an object imaged on the fovea centralis.direct v;
chromatic v. chromatopsia
colored v. (VC) chromatopsia
cone v. photopic v
direct v. central v
double v. diplopia
facial v. sensing the proximity of objects by the nerves of the face, presumed in the case of the blind and also in sighted persons who are blindfolded or in darkness.
green v. chloropsia
halo v. a condition in which colored or luminous rings are seen around lights.
haploscopic v. stereoscopic v. produced by the haploscope, or mirror-type stereoscope.
indirect v. peripheral v
multiple v. polyopia
night v. scotopic v
oscillating v. oscillopsia
peripheral v. v. resulting from retinal stimulation beyond the macula.indirect v;
photopic v. v. when the eye is light-adapted. See light adaptation, light-adapted eye.cone v., photopia;
red v. erythropsia
rod v. scotopic v
scotopic v. v. when the eye is dark-adapted. See also dark adaptation, dark-adapted eye.night v., rod v., scotopia, twilight v;
stereoscopic v. the single perception of a slightly different image from each eye.stereopsis;
subjective v. visual impressions that arise centrally and do not originate with ocular stimuli.
tinted v. chromatopsia
triple v. triplopia
tubular v. a constriction of the visual field, as though one were looking through a hollow cylinder or tube.tunnel v;
tunnel v. tubular v
twilight v. scotopic v
yellow v. xanthopsia



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visna visna (vis´na)
A chronic meningoencephalitis of sheep, occurring almost exclusively in Iceland caused by a "slow virus" (subfamily Lentivirinae); it is now considered that v. and maedi are two histopathological and clinical manifestations of the same viral infection.



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visual visual (vizh´u-al)
1. Relating to vision. 2. Denoting a person who learns and remembers more readily through sight than through hearing.visile (3); [Late L. visualis, fr. visus, vision]
functional v. loss an apparent loss of visual acuity or visual field with no substantiating physical signs; often due to a natural concern about visual loss combined with suggestibility and a fear of the worst; best treated with reassurance.



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visualize visualize (vizh´u-a-lIz)
To picture in the mind or to perceive; commonly misused by ascribing to the technique the act of making visible.



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visuoauditory visuoauditory (vizh´yu-o-aw´di-tor-e)
Relating to both vision and hearing; denoting nerves connecting the centers for these senses.



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visuognosis visuognosis (vizh´yu-og-no´sis)
Recognition and understanding of visual impressions. [L. visus, vision, + G. gnosis, knowledge]



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visuomotor visuomotor (viz´yu-o-mo´ter)
Denoting the ability to synchronize visual information with physical movement, e.g., driving a car or playing a video game of skill.



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visuopsychic visuopsychic (vizh´yu-o-sI´kik)
Pertaining to the portion of the cerebral cortex concerned with the integration of visual impressions. [L. visus, vision, + G. psyche, mind]



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visuosensory visuosensory (vizh´yu-o-sen´sor-e)
Pertaining to the perception of visual stimuli.



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visuospatial visuospatial (viz´yu-o-spa´shal)
Denoting the ability to comprehend and conceptualize visual representations and spatial relationships in learning and performing a task.



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visuscope visuscope (viz´yu-skop)
A modified ophthalmoscope that projects a black star on the patient's fundus.



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vital vital (vIt-al)
Relating to life. [L. vitalis, fr. vita, life]



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vitalism vitalism (vIt´al-izm)
The theory that animal functions are dependent upon a special form of energy or force, the vital force, distinct from the physical forces.vis vitae, vis vitalis; [L. vitalis, pertaining to life]



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vitalistic vitalistic (vIt´a-lis´tik)
Pertaining to vitalism.



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vitality vitality (vIt-al´i-te)
Vital force or energy.



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vitalize vitalize (vIt´al-Iz)
To endow with vital force.



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vitalometer vitalometer (vI-ta-lom´e-ter)
An electrical device for determining the vitality of the tooth pulp.



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vital red vital red [C.I. 23570]
Trisodium salt of a sulfonated diazo dye (a ditolyl group diazotized to sulfonated aminonaphthalene residues), used as a vital stain.brilliant vital red;



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vitals vitals (vIt´alz)
viscera



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vitamer vitamer (vI´ta-mer)
One of two or more similar compounds capable of fulfilling a specific vitamin function in the body; e.g., niacin, niacinamide.



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vitamin vitamin (vIt´a-min)
One of a group of organic substances, present in minute amounts in natural foodstuffs, that are essential to normal metabolism; insufficient amounts in the diet may cause deficiency diseases. [L. vita, life, + amine]
v. A 1. any beta-ionone derivative, except provitamin A carotenoids, possessing qualitatively the biological activity of retinol; deficiency interferes with the production and resynthesis of rhodopsin, thereby causing night blindness, and produces a keratinizing metaplasia of epithelial cells that may result in xerophthalmia, keratosis, susceptibility to infections, and retarded growth; 2. the original v. A, now known as retinol.axerophthol;
v. A1 retinol
v. A2 dehydroretinol
v. A1 acid retinoic acid
v. A1 alcohol retinol
v. A aldehyde retinaldehyde
v. A2 aldehyde dehydroretinaldehyde
antiberiberi v. thiamin
antihemorrhagic v. v. K
antineuritic v. thiamin
antirachitic v.'s ergocalciferol (v. D2) and cholecalciferol (v. D3).
antiscorbutic v. ascorbic acid
antisterility v. v. E (2)
v. B a group of water-soluble substances originally considered as one v.
v. B1 thiamin
v. B2 1. riboflavin 2. obsolete term for a complex of folic acid, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, and riboflavin.
v. B3 1. obsolete term for nicotinamide and/or nicotinic acid; 2. obsolete term for pantothenic acid.
v. B4 1. once believed to be a factor necessary for nutrition of the chick, now identified simply as certain essential amino acids and/or adenine; 2. obsolete term for adenine.
v. B5 once used to describe biological activities now ascribed to pantothenic acid or nicotinic acid.
v. B6 pyridoxine and related compounds (pyridoxal; pyridoxamine).
v. B12 generic descriptor for compounds exhibiting the biological activity of cyanocobalamin (cyanocob(III)alamin); the antianemia factor of liver extract that contains cobalt, a cyano group, and corrin in a cobamide structure. Several substances with similar formulas and with the characteristic hematinic action have been isolated and designated: B12a, hydroxocobalamin; B12b, aquacobalamin; B12c, nitritocobalamin; B12r, cob(II)alamin; B12s, cob(I)alamin; B12III, factors A and V1a (cobyric acid), and pseudovitamin B12. Vitamins B12a and B12b are known to be tautomeric compounds; B12b has been obtained from cultures of Streptomyces aureofaciens: B12c has been obtained from cultures of Streptomyces griseus and is distinguishable from B12 by differences in its absorption spectrum. The physiologically active v. B12 coenzymes are methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosinecobalamine. A deficiency of v. B12 is often associated with certain methylmalonic acidurias.animal protein factor, antianemic factor, antipernicious anemia factor (1), erythrocyte maturation factor, maturation factor, methylcobalamin;
v. BT carnitine
v. Bx p-aminobenzoic acid
v. B complex a pharmaceutical term applied to drug products containing a mixture of the B v.'s, usually B1, B2, B3, B5, and B6.
v. Bc conjugase an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of the pteroylpolyglutamic acids to pteroylmonoglutamic acid, with consequent increase in vitamin activity; v. Bc is an obsolete term for folic acid.
v. B12 with intrinsic factor concentrate a combination of v. B12 with suitable preparations of the mucosa of the stomach or intestine of domestic animals used for food by humans.
v. C ascorbic acid
coagulation v. obsolete term for v. K.
v. D generic descriptor for all steroids exhibiting the biological activity of ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol, the antirachitic v.'s popularly called the "sun-ray v.'s." They promote the proper utilization of calcium and phosphorus, thereby producing growth in young children, together with proper bone and tooth formation; the sulfate, a water-soluble conjugate, is found in the aqueous phase of human milk; v. D1 is a 1:1 mixture of lumisterol and v. D2.
v. D2 ergocalciferol
v. D3 cholecalciferol
v. E 1. a-tocopherol 2. generic descriptor of tocol and tocotrienol derivatives possessing the biological activity of a-tocopherol; contained in various oils (wheat germ, cotton-seed, palm, rice) and whole grain cereals where it constitutes the nonsaponifiable fraction, also in animal tissue (liver, pancreas, heart) and lettuce; deficiency produces resorption or abortion in female rats and sterility in males.antisterility factor, antisterility v., fertility v;
v. F term sometimes applied to the essential unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids.
fat-soluble v.'s those v.'s, soluble in fat solvents (nonpolar solvents) and relatively insoluble in water, marked in chemical structure by the presence of large hydrocarbon moieties in the molecule; e.g., v.'s A, D, E, K.
fertility v. v. E (2)
v. G obsolete term for riboflavin.
v. H biotin [Ger, H for Haut, skin]
v. K generic descriptor for compounds with the biological activity of phylloquinone; fat-soluble, thermostable compounds found in alfalfa, hog liver, fish meal, and vegetable oils, essential for the formation of normal amounts of prothrombin.antihemorrhagic factor, antihemorrhagic v;
v. K1 , v. K1(20) phylloquinone
v. K2 , v. K2(30) menaquinone-6
v. K2(35) menaquinone-7
v. K3 menadione
v. K4 menadiol diacetate
v. K5 4-amino-2-methyl-1-naphthol;an antihemorrhagic v.
microbial v. a substance necessary for the growth of certain microorganisms, e.g., biotin, p-aminobenzoic acid.
v. P a mixture of bioflavonoids extracted from plants (especially citrus fruits). It reduces the permeability and fragility of capillaries and is useful in the treatment of certain cases of purpura that are resistant to v. C therapy. See also hesperidin, quercetin, rutin.capillary permeability factor, citrin, permeability v;
permeability v. v. P
v. PP nicotinic acid
v. U term given to a factor in fresh cabbage juice that encourages the healing of peptic ulcer; (3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)dimethylsulfonium chloride; a methionine derivative.



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vitellarium vitellarium (vit´el-lar´e-um)
In cestodes and trematodes, a common chamber receiving vitelline (yolk) material from the two vitelline ducts; the yolk material then passes into the ootype to surround the ovum with nutritive vitelline granules that are enclosed by a characteristically formed eggshell.vitelline reservoir;



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vitelliform vitelliform (vI-tel´i-form)
Relating to or resembling the yolk of an egg.



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vitellin vitellin (vI-tel´in)
A lipophosphoprotein combined with lecithin in the yolk of egg.lipovitellin, ovovitellin;



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vitelline vitelline (vI-tel´in, -en)
Relating to the vitellus. See yolk sac.



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vitellogenesis vitellogenesis (vI-tel´lo-jen´e-sis, vI´te-lo-)
Formation of the yolk and its accumulation in the yolk sac. [L. vitellus, yolk, + G. genesis, production]



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vitellogenin vitellogenin (vI´tel-o-jen´in)
An egg yolk precursor protein; production is stimulated by estrogens. [L. vitellus, egg yolk, + -gen + -in]



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vitellolutein vitellolutein (vI-tel-o-lu´te-in)
Lutein from the yolk of egg.



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vitellorubin vitellorubin (vI-tel-o-ru´bin)
A reddish pigment from the yolk of egg.



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vitellose vitellose (vI-tel´os)
A protein fragment from vitellin.



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vitellus vitellus (vI-tel´us)
yolk (1) [L.]
v. o´vi yolk of egg; used in pharmacy for emulsifying oils and camphors.



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vitiation vitiation (vish-e-a´shun)
A change that impairs utility or reduces efficiency. [L. vitiatio fr. vitio, pp. vitiatus, to corrupt, fr. vitium, vice]



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vitiligines vitiligines (vit-i-lij´i-nez)
Plural of vitiligo.



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vitiliginous vitiliginous (vit-i-lij´i-nus)
Relating to or characterized by vitiligo.



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vitiligo vitiligo, pl. vitiligines (vit-i-lI´go, vit-i-lij´i-nez)
The appearance on otherwise normal skin of nonpigmented white patches of varied sizes, often symmetrically distributed and usually bordered by hyperpigmented areas; hair in the affected areas is usually, but not always, white. Epidermal melanocytes are completely lost in depigmented areas by an autoimmune process.acquired leukoderma, acquired leukopathia, leukasmus; [L. a skin eruption, fr. vitium, blemish, vice]
v. cap´itis obsolete term for alopecia areata.
Cazenave's v. obsolete term for alopecia areata.
Celsus' v. obsolete term for alopecia areata.
v. i´ridis small white patches in brown irides.



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vitiligoidea vitiligoidea (vit´i-lI-goy´de-a)
Obsolete term for xanthoma. [vitiligo + G. eidos, appearance]



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vitrectomy vitrectomy (vi-trek´to-me)
Removal of the vitreous by means of an instrument which simultaneously removes vitreous by suction and cutting, and replaces it with saline or some other fluid. [vitreous + G. ektome, excision]
anterior v. removal of the central vitreous gel.
posterior v. removal of the posterior cortical vitreous; sometimes the preretinal membranes are removed.



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vitrein vitrein (vit´re-in)
A collagen-like protein that, with hyaluronic acid, accounts for the gel state of the vitreous humor.vitrosin;



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vitreitis vitreitis (vit-re-I´tis)
Inflammation of the corpus vitreum.hyalitis; [L. vitreus, glassy, + G. -itis, inflammation]



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vitreo- vitreo-
Vitreous. [L. vitreus, glassy]



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vitreodentin vitreodentin (vit´re-o-den´tin)
Dentin of a particularly brittle character.



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vitreoretinal vitreoretinal (vit´re-o-ret´i-nal)
Pertaining to the retina and the vitreous body.



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vitreoretinopathy vitreoretinopathy (vit´re-o-ret´i-nop´a-the)
Retinopathy with vitreous complications.
exudative v. [MIM*193220] a familial, slowly progressive ocular disease; characterized by posterior vitreous detachment, vitreous membranes, heterotopia of macula, retinal detachment, neovascularization, and recurrent hemorrhage.



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vitreous vitreous (vit´re-us)
1. Glassy; resembling glass. 2. vitreous body [L. vitreus, glassy, fr. vitrum, glass]
persistent anterior hyperplastic primary v. a unilateral congenital abnormality occurring in full-term infants; characterized by a retrolental fibrovascular membrane formed by persistent primary v. with remnants of the hyaloid artery and tunica vasculosa lentis; associated with leukokoria, microphthalmos, shallow anterior chamber, and elongated ciliary processes.
persistent posterior hyperplastic primary v. a unilateral congenital anomaly in full-term infants; associated with a congenital retinal fold and a v. membranous stalk containing remnants of the hyaloid artery.
primary v. the v. first formed in the embryo between the optic cup and the lens vesicle, and later vascularized by the hyaloid artery and its branches.
secondary v. avascular v. formed around the primary v.
tertiary v. v. fibrils derived from the neuroepithelium of the ciliary body and forming the ciliary zonule.



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vitreum vitreum (vit´re-um)
vitreous body [L. ntr. of vitreus, glassy]



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vitrification vitrification (vit´ri-fi-ka´shun)
Conversion of dental porcelain (frit) to a glassy substance by heat and fusion. [L. vitrium, glassy, + facio, to make]



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vitriol vitriol (vit´re-ol)
Any of the various salts of sulfuric acid, e.g., blue v. (cupric sulfate), green v. (ferrous sulfate), white v. (zinc sulfate). [L. vitreolus, glassy]



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vitrosin vitrosin (vit´ro-sin)
vitrein



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vivarium vivarium, pl. vivaria (vI-var´e-um, -a)
Quarters in which animals are housed, particularly animals used in medical research. [L. vivarius, pertaining to living creatures]



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vivi- vivi-
Living. [L. vivus, alive]



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vividialysis vividialysis (viv´i-dI-al´i-sis)
Removal by dialysis, as by lavage of peritoneal cavity.



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vividiffusion vividiffusion (viv´i-di-fyu´zhun)
Archaic term for a method by which circulating blood may be submitted to dialysis outside the body and returned to the circulation without exposure to the air or to any noxious influences; the principle used in the performance of renal dialysis with the artificial kidney. [vivi- + diffusion]



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vivification vivification (viv´i-fi-ka´shun)
revivification (2) [L. vivifico, pp. -atus, fr. vivus, alive, + facio, to make]



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viviparity viviparity (viv´i-par´i-te)
The quality or state of being viviparous, i.e., producing offspring that are living at the time of birth.zoogony;



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viviparous viviparous (vI-vip´a-rus)
Giving birth to living young, in distinction to oviparous.zoogonous; [vivi- + L. pario, to bear]



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viviperception viviperception (viv´i-per-sep´shun)
Observation of the vital processes in the organism without the aid of vivisection. [vivi- + perception]



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vivisect vivisect (viv-i-sekt´)
To practice vivisection.



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vivisection vivisection (viv-i-sek´shun)
Any cutting operation on a living animal for purposes of experimentation; often extended to denote any form of animal experimentation. [vivi- + section]



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vivisectionist vivisectionist , vivisector (vi-vi-sek´shun-ist, -tor; vi-vi-sek´tor)
One who practices vivisection.



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in vivo in vivo (in ve´vo)
In the living body, referring to a process or reaction occurring therein. Cf. in vitro. [L. in the living being]



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Vladimiroff Vladimiroff
Vladimir D., Russian surgeon, 1837-1903. See Mikulicz-V. amputation; V.-Mikulicz amputation.



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VLDL VLDL
Abbreviation for very low density lipoprotein. See lipoprotein.



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VMA VMA
Abbreviation for vanillylmandelic acid.



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V-max V-max
See Vmax.



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VMC VMC
Abbreviation for void metal composite.



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V.M.D. V.M.D.
Abbreviation for Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.



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V-MI V-MI
Abbreviation for Volpe-Manhold Index.



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vocal vocal (vo´kal)
Pertaining to the voice or the organs of speech. [L. vocalis]



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Vogel's law Vogel's law
See under law.



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Voges Voges
Otto, German physician, *1867. See V.-Proskauer reaction.



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Vogt Vogt
Alfred, Swiss ophthalmologist, 1879-1943. See V.-Koyanagi syndrome.



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Vogt Vogt
Cécile, German neurologist, 1875-1962. See V. syndrome.



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Vogt Vogt
Heinrich, German neurologist, *1875. See Spielmeyer-V. disease.



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Vogt Vogt
Karl, German physiologist, 1817-1895. See V.'s angle.



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Vogt Vogt
Oskar, German neurologist, 1870-1959. See V. syndrome.



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Vogt cephalodactyly Vogt cephalodactyly
type II acrocephalosyndactyly



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Vohwinkel Vohwinkel
20th Century German dermatologist. See Vohwinkel syndrome.



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voice voice (voys)
The sound made by air passing out through the larynx and upper respiratory tract, the vocal folds being approximated.vox; [L. vox]
amphoric v. a v. sound having a hollow, blowing character, heard over a pulmonary cavity when the patient speaks or whispers.amphorophony;
bronchial v. bronchophony
cavernous v. the hollow or metallic v. sound heard over a pulmonary cavity.
epigastric v. the delusion of a v. proceeding from the epigastrium.
eunuchoid v. high pitched v. in the adult male resembling the v. of an immature boy; usually functional in origin.
myxedema v. the forced, rough, raucous v. of subjects of myxedema, probably due to myxedematous thickening of the vocal folds.



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void void (voyd)
To evacuate urine or feces.
flow v. in magnetic resonance imaging, the absence of signal from blood whose activated protons leave a region before their magnetization is measured. See also signal v.
signal v. in magnetic resonance imaging, a region emitting no radiofrequency signal, either because there are no activated protons in the region (such as flowing blood) or because a different element predominates, particularly calcium.



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void metal composite (VMC) void metal composite (VMC)
A porous metal structure that enables tissue growth within the openings to establish long-term attachment between prosthesis and tissue.



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Voigt Voigt
Christian A., Austrian anatomist, 1809-1890. See V.'s lines, under line.



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vol. vol.
Abbreviation for [L.] volatilis, volatile.



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vola vola (vo´la)
Palm of the hand or sole of the foot. [L.]



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volar volar (vo´lar)
Referring to the vola; denoting either the palm of the hand or sole of the foot.volaris [NA];



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volaris volaris (vo-la´ris) [NA]
volar, volar



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volatile (vol.) volatile (vol.) (vol´a-til)
1. Tending to evaporate rapidly. 2. Tending toward violence, explosiveness, or rapid change. [L. volatilis, fr. volo, to fly]



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volatilization volatilization (vol´a-til-i-za´shun)
evaporation [fr. L. volatilis, volatile, fr. volo, pp. volatus, to fly]



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volatilize volatilize (vol´a-til-Iz)
evaporate



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Volhard Volhard
Franz, German physician, 1872-1950. See V.'s test.



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volition volition (vo-lish´un)
The conscious impulse to perform any act or to abstain from its performance; voluntary action. [L. volo,, to wish]



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volitional volitional (vo-lish´un-al)
Done by an act of will; relating to volition.



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Volkmann Volkmann
Richard, German surgeon, 1830-1889. See V.'s cheilitis, contracture, spoon.



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Volkmann Volkmann
Alfred W., German physiologist, 1800-1877. See V.'s canals, under canal.



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volley volley (vol´e)
A synchronous group of impulses induced simultaneously by artificial stimulation of either nerve fibers or muscle fibers. [Fr. volée, fr. L. volo, to fly]



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Vollmer Vollmer
Herman, U.S. pediatrician, 1896-1959. See V. test.



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Volpe Volpe
Anthony R., U.S. dentist, *1932. See V.-Manhold Index.



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Volpe-Manhold Index (V-MI) Volpe-Manhold Index (V-MI)
See under index.



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volsella volsella (vol-sel´a)
vulsella forceps [see vulsella]



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volt (v, V) volt (v, V) (volt)
The unit of electromotive force; the electromotive force that will produce a current of 1 ampere in a circuit that has a resistance of 1 ohm; i.e., joule per coulomb. [Allesandro Volta, It. physicist, 1745-1827]



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voltage voltage (vol´tej)
Electromotive force, pressure, or potential expressed in volts.



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voltaic voltaic (vol-ta´ik)
galvanic



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voltaism voltaism (vol´ta-izm)
galvanism



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voltameter voltameter (vol-tam´e-ter)
An apparatus for measuring the strength of a galvanic current by its electrolytic action. [volt + G. metron, measure]



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voltampere voltampere (volt´am-per)
A unit of electrical power; the product of 1 volt by 1 ampere; equivalent to 1 watt or 1 / 1000 kilowatt.



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voltmeter voltmeter (volt´me-ter)
An apparatus for measuring the electromotive force or difference of potential.



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Voltolini Voltolini
Friedrich E.R., German laryngologist, 1819-1889. See V.'s disease.



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volume (V) volume (V) (vol´yum)
Space occupied by matter, expressed usually in cubic millimeters, cubic centimeters, liters, etc. See water. See also capacity. [L. volumen, something rolled up, scroll, fr. volvo, to roll]
atomic v. the atomic weight of an element divided by its density in the solid state; the v. of the gram-atomic weight of a solid element.
v. averaging in computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, the effect of expressing the average density of a voxel as a pixel in the image; the greater the slice thickness, the more averaging is necessary, with loss in density resolution.
closing v. (CV) the lung v. at which the flow from the lower parts of the lungs becomes severely reduced or stops during expiration, presumably because of airway closure; measured by the sharp rise in expiratory concentration of a tracer gas that had been inspired at the beginning of a breath that started from residual volume.
distribution v. the v. throughout which an added tracer substance appears to have been evenly distributed, calculated by dividing the amount of tracer added by its concentration after equilibration.
end-diastolic v. the amount of blood in the ventricle immediately before a cardiac contraction begins; a measurement of cardiac filling between beats, related to diastolic function.
end-systolic v. the amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of the cardiac ejection period and immediately preceding the beginning of ventricular relaxation; a measurement of the adequacy of cardiac emptying, related to systolic function.
expiratory reserve v. (ERV) the maximal v. of air (about 1000 ml) that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal expiration.reserve air, supplemental air;
extracellular fluid v. (ECFV) the fraction of body wate rnot in cells; about 25% of body weight. It consists of plasma water (4.5% of body weight), water between cells (interstitial water-lymph, 11.5% of body weight), water in dense bone and connective tissue (7.5% of body weight) and water secretions. See entries under See transcellular water, about 1.5% of body weight.
forced expiratory v. (FEV) the maximal v. that can be expired in a specific time interval when starting from maximal inspiration.
inspiratory reserve v. (IRV) the maximal v. of air that can be inspired after a normal inspiration; the inspiratory capacity less the tidal v.complemental air;
mean corpuscular v. (MCV) the average v. of red cells, calculated from the hematocrit and the red cell count, in erythrocyte indices.
minute v. the v. of any gas or fluid moved per minute; e.g., cardiac output or the respiratory minute v.
packed cell v. the v. of the blood cells in a sample of blood after it has been centrifuged in the hematocrit; normally, it amounts to 45% of the blood sample.
partial v. the actual v. occupied by one species of molecule or particle in a solution; the reciprocal of the density of the molecule.
residual v. (RV) the v. of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiratory effort.residual air, residual capacity;
respiratory minute v. (RMV) the minute v. of breathing; the product of tidal v. times the respiratory frequency. See pulmonary ventilation.
resting tidal v. the tidal v. under normal conditions, i.e., in the absence of exercise or other conditions that stimulate breathing.
standard v. the v. of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure, approximately 22.414 liters.
stroke v. the v. pumped out of one ventricle of the heart in a single beat.stroke output;
tidal v. (VT) the v. of air that is inspired or expired in a single breath during regular breathing.tidal air;



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volumenometer volumenometer (vol´yu-me-nom´e-ter)
A device for determining the volume of a solid by measuring the amount of liquid it displaces.volumometer; [volume + G. metron, measure]



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volumetric volumetric (vol-yu-met´rik)
Relating to measurement by volume.



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volumometer volumometer (vol-yu-mom´e-ter)
volumenometer



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voluntary voluntary (vol´un-tar-e)
Relating or acting in obedience to the will; not obligatory. [L. voluntarius, fr. voluntas, will, fr. volo, to wish]



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voluptuous voluptuous (vo-lup´tyu-us)
Causing or caused by sensual pleasure; given to gratification of the senses. [L. voluptuosus, fr. voluptas, pleasure]



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volute volute (vo-lut)
Rolled up; convoluted. [L. voluta, a scroll, fr. volvo, pp. volutus, to roll]



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volutin volutin (vol´u-tin)
A nucleoprotein complex found as cytoplasmic granules in certain bacteria, yeasts, and protozoa (such as trypanosome flagellates) which serves as food reserves.volutin granules;



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Volvox Volvox (vol´voks)
A genus of highly organized colonial green flagellates of the class Phytomastigophorea. [L. volvo, to roll]



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volvulosis volvulosis (vol-vu-lo´sis)
onchocerciasis



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volvulus volvulus (vol´vyu-lus)
A twisting of the intestine causing obstruction. [L. volvo, to roll]
cecal v. rotation and twisting of the cecum toward the left upper quadrant, with ascending colon obstruction; associated with a cecum on a long mesentery.
gastric v. twisting of the stomach that may result in obstruction and impairment of the blood supply to the organ; it can occur in paraesophageal hernia and occasionally in eventration of the diaphragm.
sigmoid v. relatively common location of v., with obstruction either proximal or distal to the sigmoid segment.



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vomer vomer, gen. vomeris (vo´mer, vo´mer-is) [NA]
A flat bone of trapezoidal shape forming the inferior and posterior portion of the nasal septum; it articulates with the sphenoid, ethmoid, two maxillae, and two palatine bones. [L. ploughshare]
v. cartilagin´eus cartilago vomeronasalis



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vomerine vomerine (vo´mer-en)
Relating to the vomer.



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vomerobasilar vomerobasilar (vo´mer-o-bas´i-lar)
Relating to the vomer and the base of the skull.



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vomeronasal vomeronasal (vo´mer-o-na´sal)
Relating to the vomer and the nasal bone.



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vomica vomica (vom´i-ka)
1. Profuse expectoration of purulent matter.vomicus; 2. Obsolete term for a pulmonary cavity containing pus. [L. an ulcer, boil, fr. vomo, to vomit]



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vomicose vomicose (vom´i-kos)
Profusely suppurating, as by many ulcers. [L. vomica, an ulcer]



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vomicus vomicus (vom´i-kus)
vomica (1) [L.]



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vomit vomit
1. To eject matter from the stomach through the mouth. 2. Vomitus; the matter so ejected.vomitus (2); [L. vomo, pp. vomitus, to vomit]
Barcoo v. attacks of nausea and vomiting accompanied by bulimia affecting those living in the interior of the southern part of Australia.
bilious v. v. containing large amounts of bile suggestive of bowel obstruction distal to the papilla of Vater.
black v. the coffee-ground-colored material that is vomited, specifically, in severe yellow fever. See also coffee-ground v.vomitus niger;
coffee-ground v. v. consisting of fresh or old blood. See also black v.



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vomiting vomiting (vom´i-ting)
The ejection of matter from the stomach through the esophagus and mouth.emesis (1), vomition, vomitus (1);
cerebral v. v. due to intracranial disease, especially elevated intracranial pressure.
dry v. retching
epidemic v. v. caused by Norwalk virus, a 27 nm RNA virus in the family Caliciviridae frequently occurring in a group of people (e.g., in a school or small community) suddenly and without prodromal illness or malaise, is intense while it lasts, but ceases abruptly after a few hours or a day or so; symptoms are headache, abdominal pain, giddiness, and diarrhea in most of the cases, and extreme prostration in about 75%.epidemic nausea;
fecal v. vomitus with appearance and/or odor of feces suggestive of long standing and distal small bowel or colonic obstruction.copremesis, stercoraceous v;
morning v. v. occurring on rising or immediately after breakfast in some women during early pregnancy.
pernicious v. uncontrollable v.
v. of pregnancy v. occurring in the early months of pregnancy.
projectile v. expulsion of the contents of the stomach with great force.
psychogenic v. v. associated with emotional distress and anxiety.
retention v. v. due to mechanical obstruction, usually hours after ingestion of a meal.
stercoraceous v. fecal v



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vomition vomition (vo-mish´un)
vomiting [L. vomitio, fr. vomo, to vomit]



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vomiturition vomiturition (vom´i-tu-rish´un)
retching



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vomitus vomitus (vom´i-tus)
1. vomiting 2. vomit (2) [L. a vomiting, vomit]
v. cruen´tes hematemesis
v. mari´nus seasickness
v. ni´ger black vomit



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von von
Often abbreviated to v. For names with this prefix not found here, see under the principal part of the name.



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von Bruns von Bruns
See Bruns.



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von Ebner von Ebner
Victor, Austrian histologist, 1842-1925. See Ebner's glands, under gland; Ebner's reticulum; imbrication lines of vonE., under line; incremental lines of vonE. under line.



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von Economo von Economo
Constantin, Austrian neurologist, 1876-1931. See vonE.'s disease.



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von Hippel von Hippel
Eugen, German ophthalmologist, 1867-1939. See vonH.-Lindau syndrome.



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von Kossa von Kossa
Julius, 19th century Austro-Hungarian pathologist. See vonK. stain.



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von Linné von Linné
See Linné.



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von Meyenburg von Meyenburg (von may´en-berg)
See Meyenburg.



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von Recklinghausen von Recklinghausen
See Recklinghausen.



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von Schrötter von Schrötter
Leopold, Austrian laryngologist, 1837-1908. See Paget-vonS. syndrome.



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von Willebrand von Willebrand
E.A., Finnish physician, 1870-1949. See vonW.'s disease.



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Voorhoeve Voorhoeve
N., Dutch radiologist, 1879-1927. See V.'s disease.



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vortex vortex, pl. vortices (vor´teks, vor´ti-sez)
1. verticil 2. whorl (5) 3. v. lentis [L. whirlpool, whorl, fr. verto or vorto, to turn around]
v. coccy´geus a spiral arrangement of coarse hairs sometimes present over the region of the coccyx.coccygeal whorl;
v. cor´dis [NA] v. of heart
Fleischer's v. cornea verticillata
v. of heart a spiral arrangement of muscular fibers at the apex of the heart.v. cordis [NA], whorl (2);
v. len´tis one of the stellar figures on the surface of the lens of the eye.vortex (3);
vor´tices pilo´rum [NA] hair whorls, under whorl



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Vorticella Vorticella (vor-ti-sel´a)
A genus of Ciliata of the order Peritrichida, of bell shape and with a spiral of cilia around the adoral zone; various free-living species have been found at times in the feces, urine, and mucous discharges. [Mod. L. dim. of L. vortex, a whorl]



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vortices vortices (vor´ti-sez)
Plural of vortex.



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vorticose vorticose (vor´ti-kos)
Arranged in a whorl. [L. vorticosus, fr. vortex, a whorl]



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Vossius Vossius
Adolf, German pathologist, 1855-1925. See V.'s lenticular ring.



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vox vox (voks)
voice [L.]
v. cholera´ica a peculiar, hoarse, almost inaudible voice of a sufferer in the last stage of Asiatic cholera.



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voxel voxel (vok´sel)
A contraction for volume element, which is the basic unit of CT or MR reconstruction; represented as a pixel in the display of the CT or MR image.



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voyeur voyeur (vwah-yer´)
One who practices voyeurism.



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voyeurism voyeurism (vwah-yer´izm)
The practice of obtaining sexual pleasure by looking, especially at the naked body or genitals of another or at erotic acts between others.scopophilia; [Fr. voir, to see]



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VP VP
Abbreviation for vasopressin; variegate porphyria.



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VR VR
Abbreviation for vocal resonance.



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VS VS
Abbreviation for volumetric solution.



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VU VU
Abbreviation for volume unit.



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vulgaris vulgaris (vul-ga´ris)
Ordinary; of the usual type. [L. fr. vulgus, a crowd]



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Vulpian Vulpian
Edme F.A., French physician, 1826-1887. See V.'s atrophy.



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vulsella vulsella , vulsellum (vul-sel´a, -lum)
vulsella forceps [L. pincers, fr. vello, pp. vulsus, to pluck]



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vulva vulva, pl. vul´vae (vu´va)
[NA] The external genitalia of the female, comprised of the mons pubis, the labia majora and minora, the clitoris, the vestibule of the vagina and its glands, and the opening of the urethra and of the vagina.pudendum femininum [NA], cunnus, pudendum muliebre, trema (2); [L. a wrapper or covering, seed covering, womb, fr. volvo, to roll]



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vulvar vulvar , vulval (vul´var, vul´val)
Relating to the vulva.



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vulvectomy vulvectomy (vul-vek´to-me)
Excision (either partial, complete, or radical) of the vulva. [vulva + G. ektome, excision]



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vulvismus vulvismus (vul-viz´mus)
vaginismus



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vulvitis vulvitis (vul-vI´tis)
Inflammation of the vulva. [vulva + G. -itis, inflammation]
chronic atrophic v. an inflammation of atrophic vulvar skin, usually with severe pruritus.
chronic hypertrophic v. swelling of the vulval tissues due to lymphatic obstruction; in some cases it may be caused by filariasis, with induration or ulceration of the skin.elephantiasis vulvae;
follicular v. inflammation of the vulvar follicles.
leukoplakic v. leukoplakia vulvae



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vulvo- vulvo-
The vulva. [L. vulva]



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vulvocrural vulvocrural (vul´vo-kru´ral)
Relating to the vulva and the clitoris.



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vulvodynia vulvodynia
Chronic vulvar discomfort with complaints of burning and superficial irritation.



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vulvouterine vulvouterine (vul-vo-yu´ter-in)
Relating to the vulva and the uterus.



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vulvovaginal vulvovaginal (vul-vo-vaj´i-nal)
Relating to the vulva and the vagina.



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vulvovaginitis vulvovaginitis (vul´vo-vaj-i-nI´tis)
Inflammation of both vulva and vagina.



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Vvedenskii Vvedenskii
Alternative surname of Wedensky, Nikolai I.



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V-Y plasty V-Y plasty
V-Y flap



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